At the end of 1775 and the beginning of 1776, the first edition of the famous two-volume Scottish economist Adam Smith was published in England, devoted to the study of the causes and nature of the wealth of peoples. This fundamental work was first described the basic mechanisms and principles of foreign trade. The author of the work, in his discussions on the dependence of the annual income of the nation on the amount received for the result of labor by each person, formulated a very importan