C. Zemin is the head of China for 13 years, from 1989 to 2002. was the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee. Head of the Military and Central Council of the PRC. From 1993 to 2003 Chairman of the PRC.
A family
C. Zemin was born on August 17, 1926 in Jiangsu Province, in the city of Yangzhou. He comes from an intelligent family. His grandfather was a good doctor and professed traditional Chinese medicine, was fond of calligraphy and painting. My father was a poet, published magazines, was a member of the underground Communist Party, but died at the age of 28 during an armed struggle.
Education
Jiang Zemin received a good education. He enrolled at Shanghai Jiaotong University of Transport, Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Participated in clandestine work. He graduated from Shanghai University in 1947. And a year before this event, in 1946, he joined the Communist Party.
Labor activity
When the People's Republic of China was formed, Jiang spent almost thirty years at the Ministry of Engineering. There he went a long way from an ordinary employee to the director of one of the largest research institutes.
While still a student, he passed practice at the Likhachev Moscow Automobile Plant. Jiang was uncompromising in leftism. And at the end of the "cultural revolution" he was sent as part of a Central Committee group to work in Shanghai to investigate the illegal actions of the "gang of four."
In the early 1980s Jiang Zemin worked as Minister of Electricity, thanks to him many new technologies were introduced. He managed to establish ties with many influential military industry officials. He knows very well how to create special socio-economic zones and attract foreign investors to the country.
During his work, he visited many free shopping areas in at least 10 countries. From 1985 to 1989 worked as the mayor of Shanghai, then the secretary of the party committee. With the help of acquired skills, Jiang tightly occupied a niche in politics.
Party activity
Jiang Zemin took charge of the CCP in 1989. This happened after the Secretary General of the CCP Central Committee, Ch. Ziyang, was relieved of his post and sent under house arrest. The reason for this disgrace was the support of protesting students who demanded political freedoms in the PRC.
The decisive role in the appointment of Jiang to a high-ranking post was his statement that he fully supported the actions of the country's leadership, thanks to this he became the first contender for replacing D. Xiaoping. Jiang was recalled from Shanghai and appointed Secretary General of the Communist Chinese Party.
When Jiang came to replace Xiaoping, many believed that he was temporarily appointed to the post of party leader. But this opinion quickly changed when Zemin took tight control not only of the party itself, but also of its government. As a result, in 1993, Jiang became chairman of the PRC.
Political scientists are convinced that China owes its successes to the toughness of Zemin’s character, including success in the political sphere, which is also explained by the same quality. China has strengthened its position so much that it not only has an opinion on many world problems, but also openly declares this. And now it is already taken into account by the entire world community.
Political career
In the late 1960s. Jiang Zemin, whose biography is described in this article, has come under criticism from the Hongweibs. True, he managed to avoid the extreme consequences, but temporarily his political career was slowed down. In the early 1970s he went to Romania on a working trip. When he returned to his homeland, he moved to Beijing, as he took a responsible post in the government.
From 1980 to 1982 He was deputy minister in the State Commission for Export and Import. From 1982 to 1983 He worked as Deputy Minister of Electronic Industry, and from 1983 to 1985. already directly by the Minister of Economics. At that time, changes began to take place in China at the initiative of then head of state Deng Xiao Ping. Jiang’s career was helped by the reputation of a specialist who knows the state of affairs in the world. As a result, he began to climb the career ladder even higher.
In 1985, when Shanghai Mayor Wang Daohan resigned, he recommended Jiang Zemin to take his place. The government listened to his advice, and Jiang became the new mayor. In 1989, he was additionally appointed as Chairman of the Military Central Commission. And in 1993, Jiang - Chairman of the PRC.
When the General Secretary of the PRC changed, Jiang managed to create a temporary advantage in his own favor. But, despite the temporary preservation of some of the top posts, he still had to become an unspoken leader, just like Dan Xiaoping in his time.
Zemin's resignation
In 2002, the head of China, Ts. Zemin, who was already 76 years old at that time, resigned. From 2002 to 2005, while the transfer of power was in progress, he ceded all his posts (Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee, Chairman of the Republic of China and head of the main military council Hu Jintao) to his successor.
Nevertheless, Jiang, having left all high posts, left the last word for himself when questions concerned domestic political disputes and sensitive political issues. Hu emphasized respect for him, skipping forward at meetings, although he was already superior to him. During these three years, while the transfer of power was underway, Hu refrained from personnel changes, but then a gradual oppression of Zemin's supporters began.
PRC: Jiang Zemin Reforms
According to his policy, Jiang not only continued the reforms that had been started before him by D. Xiaoping, but was also able to introduce new ones. China at that time was just beginning to fight for a place in world markets. Thanks to the efforts and reforms of Jiang, China:
- appeared on the 7th place in the world in the field of economics;
- became a member of the WTO;
- strengthened in terms of military and economic potential;
- declared her desire to become a leader in the Asia-Pacific region (Asia-Pacific region);
- hosted the ASEAN Summit in Shanghai;
- won the application for the next Olympic Games (2008).
The CCP conservatives actively resisted the new reforms, but Jiang managed to "squeeze" his own theory of the "three missions" into the party program. This innovation equated the intelligentsia with the peasants and workers and paved the way for private enterprise.
China during the reign of Jiang Zemin: friendship with the USSR
In the political biography of Ts. Zemin, the USSR occupies a special place. In the 1950s Jiang did an internship at a car factory named after Stalin in the Soviet Union. It was then that Jiang formed the Soviet mentality. He is fluent in Russian, knows a lot of sayings and proverbs on it, sings old popular songs well in Russian.
In the 1990s he visited Moscow as Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party. In 1998, a diplomatic meeting “without ties” took place. In this form, it was held in the history of China for the first time. But before the meeting, Jiang first met with colleagues, with whom he worked at the ZIS in 1955.
In 1997, he signed a diplomatic agreement with Yeltsin on a multipolar world and world order in the 21st century (Moscow - China). The document was based on equal cooperation. Jiang had long dreamed of visiting the homeland of the beloved writer Leo Tolstoy, and on this visit chose the time to visit these places. He was very interested in the philosophical foundations of his work. And the works of Leo Tolstoy knew absolutely everything.
Personal life
Jiang Zemin is married to Wang Yeping, who worked as a mechanical engineer. Their marriage took place in 1948. Jiang's wife is also from Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou City. In marriage, they had two sons: Mianheng and Jinkan.
