economy
Bond loans: medium-term, long-term, state. Bond issue
Entities operating in the real or financial economic sector often enter the bond market. Here they use a special tool to mobilize money, which has a number of significant advantages. Let us consider in more detail what are bonded loans.
What is a budget deficit?
Probably, many times have heard such concepts as budget deficit and surplus. What is it? The deficit is the predominance of budget expenditures over income, and the surplus, on the contrary, is the excess of revenues. However, such conditions can occur not only by chance. So, for example, it is possible to note the structural budget deficit, the increase of which the state is well aware of.
The population of Arkhangelsk: historical information, demographic situation and employment opportunities
Arkhangelsk is located in the northern part of European Russia. Convenient localization at the mouth of the Northern Dvina entrusted the city with the duties of one of the largest marine nodes. Already this fact indicates that the population of Arkhangelsk is quite large.
The unemployment rate in Russia in 2014 and the forecast for 2015. Dynamics of unemployment in Russia
According to official figures, the unemployment rate in Russia at the moment is 5.8%, which does not give any reason for panic. On the other hand, the number of people interested in finding employment is only increasing.
Washington: population and composition. Washington population
The US capital, Washington, is the 27th largest city in the country. Despite the fact that this is the main administrative center of America, it is not included in any state, being a separate unit.
Osh region of Kyrgyzstan. Cities and areas, the population of Osh region
Back in the 50s of the last century, archaeologists found evidence that in the territory, which is now known as the Osh region, people lived 3000 years ago. The Kyrgyz who came from the Yenisei have lived here for only 500 years.
Foreign investment organizations
Organizations with foreign investment is a desirable phenomenon for the economy of any country. Almost all world states are interested in attracting foreign financial assets. It is no secret to anyone that foreign investment in national enterprises contributes to economic development, creates new prospects, and stimulates the growth of domestic investment.
Formula: coefficient of financial dependence. Calculation. Financial dependence ratio - balance sheet formula
The formula for the coefficient of financial dependence is included in the group for calculating the sustainability of the company. Each analyst must not only know, but also understand the essence of all indicators. This will help the analysis of the formula and its determination by balance.
US budget: in the grip of the financial crisis
Already, all financial analysts of the world consider the astronomical deficit that the US budget is experiencing as one of the main threats to the status of the United States as a "superpower." Since the reign of President George W. Bush, the hole in the US budget has grown steadily with unenviable stability every year, voraciously absorbing more and more funds from ordinary taxpayers.
State budget and its structure
The financial system of each state includes a budget. This document is a very complex mechanism, the effect of which affects the standard of living of the country, its economy and the structure of the state system. The state budget and its structure should be balanced.
Milan: population and area
The world capital of fashion, design and the financial and industrial center of Italy is located in the north of the country. Milan is the capital of the province of the same name and Lombardy, the largest region of the country. The whole world knows this city through two football clubs, “Milan” and “Internationale”, whose fans are in almost any country in the world. The city attracts tourists from all over the world with its ancient architecture and fashionable shops. In terms of population
Prirazlomnaya platform: photo
Despite the fact that Russia is at the forefront in the world among countries with oil and gas reserves, domestic geologists do not stop their work, discovering new fields. By the end of the 1980s, having gone beyond the borders of land, the researchers took up the waters of the Arctic. As a result, huge reserves were discovered on the shelf, the development of which can significantly change the situation in the global oil and gas market.
What is social risk? Types and Features
Social risk is a rather impressive concept that applies to almost all types of human life. Its volume increased in proportion to the development of society and its evolution. Hundreds of years ago, only natural factors were attributed to risks that could pose a real threat to society. Then, with the development of the economy, trade and industry, social risk factors increased significantly in quantity.
Federal Treasury: functions, powers, tasks and leadership
The Federal Treasury is the state structure responsible for solving a wide range of tasks related to managing budget flows. What are the specifics of the tasks that this department solves? How is the management system of this government structure?
Budget painting and the process of its formation
The basis for drawing up the budget list is the budget approved by the State Duma. It is formed in strict accordance with the budget classification: according to the articles of the departmental and functional classification, chapters, subsections, and sections themselves.
Kashirskaya TPP celebrated its 91st year
91 years ago, according to the GOELRO plan, the Kashirskaya state district power station was built and put into operation. In 1979, the Iriklinskaya state district power station reached its design capacity, and in 1986, the Perm state district power station was added to the unified energy system of the USSR.
What does the law of demand imply? The answers
Demand is the quantity of goods that the consumer wants and is able to purchase in a given period. It is also called a solvent need.
Italian industry and its specialization
Italian industry is a leading sector of the state economy. This direction accounts for more than 28% of the total local GDP; almost half of all working residents are employed here. If we talk about the industry structure, then it represents 76% of the manufacturing sector.
What strategy should be followed when demand is elastic?
As you know, the income of any company, enterprise and private entrepreneur depends on many factors, but perhaps the most important of them is the sales volume of products sold. It largely depends on what the level of revenue and the amount of net profit will be. This factor, in turn, depends on how elastic the demand is, and on the chosen pricing strategy.
Lithuania's GDP: size and dynamics
Lithuania is one of the states of Northern Europe. Belongs to the Baltic countries. The capital of this state is the city of Vilnius. Lithuania is a member of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), NATO, and the OECD (since 2018). The economic situation in the country is favorable, GDP is constantly growing.
State District Power Station: decryption is not relevant
State Regional Electric Power Station - State District Power Station. The decoding of this abbreviation, which appeared in the first half of the 20th century, has lost its meaning in our time, but continues to be used in the names of power plants. For example: Serovskaya TPP or Ryazan TPP.
State transfer payments. Transfer payments are
Transfer payments are payments in the form of compensation to the population, legal entities, as well as other enterprises of a non-state form of ownership. They are carried out to support these entities under adverse economic factors in the state. The basis is the redistribution of resources from the budget in favor of extremely needy people.
Admiral Nakhimov (cruiser): modernization
To counter global threats, there are such gigantic nuclear powered ships as Admiral Nakhimov. The cruiser is designed to provide powerful cover for the entire squadron, performing tasks at a great distance. In a military language, this is called "sustainability."
How the Big Mac Index Works
For the first time, the idea to evaluate currencies by bigmac was proposed by The Economist magazine in an article by Pam Woodall back in 1986. It was in it that in a joking manner, the author appreciated the real exchange rate with the help of a hamburger.
Where is the UK located? What sights is it famous for?
Every educated person should know where the UK is located. Find out about its geographical location, the most beautiful cities and attractions.
European Economic Area: Formation, Participants and Relations with EurAsEC
The European Economic Area (or EEA) was created in the early 1990s. The idea of uniting Europe has literally been in the air and in the minds of prominent politicians of the time since the 1920s. A series of conflicts pushed the actual creation of an alliance in the economy for a rather long period. Today, the EEA is a separate sector in the global economy, but is largely inferior to the EurAsEC (Eurasian Economic Community).
What will the growth of the dollar lead to? Dollar growth: forecasts, consequences
The growth of the dollar has left an imprint on the economy of every country in the world. The strengthening of the US national currency negatively affected the Russian economy and the life of actively developing countries. EU countries were affected in a certain way.
Macroeconomic Agent: Concept, Goals and Behavior
The study of economic laws and dependencies at the economic level in the general sense of the word is possible only when their aggregates or aggregates are considered. Macroeconomic analysis in any case requires aggregation. The latter is a combination of individual components into a single whole, aggregate, unit.
The concept and types of economic analysis. Classification of types of economic analysis on various grounds
What is an economic analysis of the enterprise, how and in what order should it be carried out. The value of economic analysis in the enterprise.
Control of finance, its types, purpose. Financial control system. Financial control and audit
Financial control and audit are the most important means of ensuring the legitimacy of the state and its structures in general, organizations and citizens in particular. They involve checking the appropriateness of the distribution and use of funds.
Price functions in a market economy
How much? (How much is it?) Is a question familiar to all tourists. After announcing the amount demanded by the seller, we either pay or try to bring down the price, but we never wonder why we should pay so much. What are the functions of prices on the market and what are they responsible for?
Economic benefits: examples. Economic benefits and their classification
At the present stage of economic development, there is a significant increase in the consumption of various natural resources. Along with this, the process of interaction between society and the environment is sharply complicated.
Postpay: what it is and how to use it effectively in your activities
Often, in the process of carrying out any economic activity, the question arises: which calculation for the work performed or the services provided is of the two popular: is prepayment and postpayment better? Let's try to understand this article with these two terms.
Export quota and other indicators of economic openness
The concept of an open economy is given, indicators of the openness of the economy are given, the meaning of terms such as import and export quotas and the advantages of quotas over tariff impact methods are explained.
Solvency recovery ratio: formula and calculation example
Solvency is considered one of the key indicators of the effectiveness of the company. It reflects the company's ability to cover all of its obligations.
The militarization of the economy: concept, examples
Protection from external enemies is one of the main functions of the modern state. For these purposes, a military budget is being created that allows you to maintain an army, modernize it, and conduct military exercises. But the threat to peaceful existence comes when the militarization of the economy begins.
Financial instruments are Financial instruments of financial policy. Securities
The global financial market is a complex entity that is largely subject to its own laws and principles of development. However, some of its fundamental features have long been studied and reduced to a common denominator. Financial instruments are no exception. This is a real document or a formally registered electronic form that may secure some kind of legal agreement.
What is a transport system? The development of the transport system of Russia
Modern living conditions dictate the need for the rapid development of the global transport system. The economy and social sphere of any state directly depend on the rational organization of transport systems, including both passenger and cargo transportation.
Cherepovetskaya GRES: characteristics and features
Cherepovetskaya GRES is a condensation power plant located on the territory of an urban-type settlement called Kadui in the Vologda Oblast of the Russian Federation. This facility provides electricity to the Vologda-Cherepovets hub.
Profitability Formula - Key to Business Success
Of all the performance indicators of the enterprise, one of the most important is profitability. It is not surprising, because what can bother a businessman more than the rate of profit he receives? Naturally, in order to calculate this indicator, a profitability formula is needed. We will tell you how to calculate it in this article.
How many people die per day in the world? Mortality and fertility in Russia
Every second, people die and are born all over the world. This article will review statistics on how many people die per day in the world and in Russia.
Break-even is Break-even point formula
In the framework of this article, the concept of break-even of the company is considered in detail. Formulas for breakeven calculations in physical and monetary units are presented. The concept and possibilities of calculating the breakeven point in the activities of modern companies are justified.
According to statistics in Russia, the demand for cigarettes has decreased
We began to smoke less. And this is not an allegation. According to official statistics, the demand for cigarettes in October compared to January of this year decreased by 5 percent.
Blue Stream gas pipeline: interesting facts
Blue Stream is the largest Trans-Black Sea gas pipeline through which fuel flows from Russia to Turkey.
Disposable income
Disposable income is the amount that can be used for personal savings and consumption. To measure the dynamics, an indicator of real disposable income is used, which is calculated taking into account the price index.
A state loan is The concept and types of state loan
Government loan is a key form of government loan. It is carried out through the issuance of state. debt obligations (in other words they are called treasury bonds) guaranteed by the government. In our article, we will discuss types of state loans and other equally important aspects of the issue.
Market failures and the role of the state in economic development
Market failure is a consequence of the imperfection of market instruments and institutions. At the same time, there is an inability of these components to satisfactorily solve socio-economic issues that are important for society.
Justification NMTSK 44-FZ. Initial (maximum) contract price
The initial (maximum) price of the contract is the marginal cost of concluding the contract. It is indicated in the information card of the procurement documentation, notice or invitation. NMCC determines the starting amount, above which the proposals of the participants cannot be.
Activity chart: why is it needed and how to build it
In order to better manage business processes, they often try to formalize them, describing them with a specific set of rules and presenting them as a certain logical scheme. In addition, this method contributes to better analysis and control of commercial activities and allows you to find reserves to improve the efficiency of the company. In this regard, the UML activity diagram is very convenient to use.
Large construction companies in Moscow: rating. The largest construction companies in Moscow
Today, Moscow and the Moscow Region are actively building up new houses and entire complexes with their own infrastructure. So, over the past decades, on the map of the capital of the Russian Federation, many new buildings of different plans from different developers have appeared. Consider the largest construction companies in Moscow, which were distinguished by the quantity and high quality of residential facilities leased.
