Probably, each of us has heard phrases more than once: Kostroma State District Power Station, Zaporizhzhya State District Power Station, Konakovskaya State District Power Station and many, many other names of cities and towns (or even entire states) together with the letters State District Power Station. The decoding of these letters (abbreviations) denoting a phrase is: State District Electric Power Station (GRES). In the world, the very first state district power station, called "Power Transmission", was built in the suburbs of Moscow in 1912 - 1914. The engineer and engineer R.E. Klasson developed the project and supervised the construction. The power plant worked on local fuel - peat. And had a capacity of 15 MW. It provided electricity to the growing needs of Moscow and the surrounding area.
By the end of the twentieth century, in the term GRES, the decryption lost the “district”, and at the beginning of 2000 the “state” part, because powerful thermal power plants did not serve the district, but the entire administrative regions and even entire independent countries. For example, almost all of Estonia is supplied with electricity by two powerful state district power plants - the Baltic (1, 654 GW) and Estonia - 1, 6 GW. In Lithuania, one state district power station (Lithuanian - 1.8 GW) also provides most of the much-needed independent country electricity. More than 250 thermal power plants (mainly state district power stations and thermal power stations) are operated in the Russian Federation; almost all of them were built during the years of Soviet power. The "state" part of the term has in many cases become private or joint-stock.
Today, in the term GRES, the decoding of which is practically useless, as has been shown earlier, the words “state district” are most often replaced by the term of the functional description “condensation”. Namely - “Condensation Power Station” (IES). The term GRES, the decoding of which has lost its meaning, is used by inertia of thinking or by habit.
These power plants - state district power plants, or, more precisely, KES, include Serovskaya in the Yekaterinburg region (in the city of Serov) and Ryazan (in the Ryazan region of the same name, in the village of Novomichurinsk).
Serovskaya GRES was put into operation in 1954 and has a total capacity of 538 MW. In addition, part of its heat capacity of 220 Gcal / hour is used for heating purposes. The power plant is located near the Sosva River, from which it takes water for its work. There are two types of fuel used: the main is coal from Kazakhstan (the Ekibastuz coal basin), and Russian natural gas (as reserve fuel).
In 2010, they decided to carry out modernization at Serovskaya TPP - to build a new power unit with a capacity of 419.5 MW. This power unit will be combined-cycle, the manufacturer is the Siemens company (Germany). Due to the combined-cycle technology, the efficiency of the unit will increase to 58% or more. The launch of the new part is scheduled for 2014.
Ryazan State District Power Plant is a thermal condensing power plant with a design capacity of 3, 600 MW. One of the largest thermal power plants in the USSR. It bears its name not in the nearest settlement, but in the regional center. The power of the station in Soviet times was 2 650 MW, and for heat supply it gave 180 Gcal / h. In Soviet times, four power units of 300 MW and three of 800 MW each were laid in the construction project. Four 300 MW each and two 800 MW each were built. The fuel used is coal near the Moscow Region and fuel oil. Its two chimneys are among the world's superhigh pipes (their height is 320 m). Later, natural gas was added to the fuel. In recent years, the station has been modernized (a gas turbine unit with an electric generator has been installed) and its capacity has increased to 3, 200 MW.
