The concept of civilization includes a combination of spiritual spheres, cultural and material values, and social management organizations. These are certain priority areas, forms of activity and norms, presented in the form of social institutions and various material objects.
Consider all the categories that are included in the concept of civilization.
- Culture is a set of norms, rules and values, entrenched in the consciousness and practice of society. For example, these are language, literature, type of thinking, technology, science and traditions.
- Ideology is a system of social theories, ideas and views. In particular, this includes political views, religion, aesthetics, morality, philosophy and law.
- The economy is an economy management system. In particular, these are production relations, division of labor, production methods and forms of ownership.
- Politics is a system of government. In particular, these are parties, the political system, social institutions and administrative art.
The concept of civilization applies to various societies that have gone beyond the level of the primitive communal system. That is, this is the stage of development of mankind, following the barbarism, primitiveness and savagery.
Consider the main signs of civilization. This is the presence of cities that are centers of cultural and economic life, the separation of physical and mental activities, the emergence of writing. The concept of civilization is not a model. Therefore, here we can talk about different types of society, which can be attributed to civilized. Consider historical examples. In various time periods in the world there were Catholic, Chinese, Antique, Ancient Egyptian, Islamic civilizations. All of them had their own distinctive features, but also had much in common.
Civilizations are divided into two main types. Firstly, these are primary civilizations. They arise in an ethnic environment and are also divided into two levels. Maternal and source civilizations arise spontaneously. Subsidiary civilizations are formed from societies of the original type as a result of the interaction of the ethnic periphery and the sociocultural factor.
Secondly, these are secondary civilizations. They arise as a result of a qualitative restructuring and improvement of socio-normative traditions, norms and principles in already quite developed societies.
The concept of culture and civilization has some features. For example, this is the spread of their social norms based on a certain lifestyle. That is, there is a tendency to unite civilizations into a single whole. Most often this happens through long wars.
Each civilization creates a sociocultural field around itself that exerts influence on neighboring ethnic groups. In a developed society, there are religious and ethical systems, expressed in rules, traditions, values and norms.
What is the reason for the difference in the main features of civilizations? It is worth remembering that each society is formed in unique conditions. The development of civilization is affected by the economic and cultural potential, the historical environment in the form of various ethnic groups, the natural landscape and even climatic conditions.
So, we examined the main features of developed societies. It is worth recalling another important definition. The civilizational approach to the development of society has several important distinguishing features. Firstly, he makes a person a creator of history and progress. Secondly, the spiritual factor in the development of society plays an important role in the civilizational approach. Thirdly, the uniqueness of the history of individual peoples, societies and countries is also taken into account.
