Modern Russian language is rich in various words, concepts and terms. In this article I want to talk about what prevention is: what types of it exist, what measures and methods are.
About the concept
First of all, of course, we need to decide on the most important concept that will be used in this article. So, prevention is a complex of various kinds of measures that are aimed at preventing a problem or phenomenon before they occur, or it is preventing various kinds of risk factors regarding the same problems.
About levels
So, we figured out that prevention is a set of measures aimed at overcoming a problem that has not yet arisen or is in its infancy. However, considering this topic, it is worth saying that there are also its various levels.
- State. In this case, preventive measures are prescribed at the highest levels of government, these are some legislative measures aimed at improving the health or well-being (depending on the type) of the country's inhabitants.
- Public (or labor collective) - lower level. Preventive measures are aimed at a specific group of people.
- Family level. Preventive measures for members of the same family.
- Individual, or personal. In this case, prevention concerns a single person.
Directions
It is also worth mentioning that preventive measures can be carried out in various directions. So, there are several of them:
- Behavioral direction. As an example: prevention of deviant behavior, offenses, etc.
- Sanitary and hygienic. This is an area of hygiene as well as medicine.
- Functional biological (e.g. fire safety).
- Health-improving.
According to these four directions, various preventive measures are carried out.
Types of prevention
So, what are the types of prevention? According to one classification, there are two of them:
- Personal, i.e., individual, aimed at one individual person.
- Public, when preventive measures apply to a group of people, society or all residents of one country.
A different grouping of types of preventive measures may occur depending on the area of their action.
- Medical prophylaxis.
- Social.
- Fire department.
- Criminal, etc.
There can be a huge number of such subspecies, but they need to be considered separately, and not together in one tandem.
Tasks
So, we further consider the basics of prevention. It is worth paying attention to the tasks that this type of preventive work sets itself.
- Carrying out various complexes and preventive measures.
- The use of innovative forms in various fields to improve preventive measures.
- Formation of understanding among people of the need for periodic preventive measures on a particular issue (be it medicine, the fire fighting industry or the social sphere of life).
Principles
Having understood that prevention is a complex of preventive measures, it is worth paying attention also to the principles that are used in creating preventive programs at various levels.
- The principle of consistency. Compilation of prevention programs based on a periodic analysis of the problem.
- The principle of strategic integrity. A unified strategy for preventive activities on a particular issue.
- The principle of multidimensionality. The combination in the prevention of the personal aspect, behavioral, etc.
- The principle of situationality. Compliance of preventive measures with real requirements.
- The principle of solidarity. Assistance and assistance in the implementation of prevention between organizations at various levels.
- The principle of legitimacy. It is based on the adoption of methods of preventive measures by people for whom these methods are intended.
- The principle of maximum differentiation and polymodality. The use of several methods of prevention in parallel, their relationship, flexibility, etc.
About medical prevention
It is worth mentioning that, probably, the most common at the state level in our country is precisely medical prevention. In this field of knowledge they are distinguished by three types:
- Primary prevention. This is a certain system of measures aimed at identifying the causes of the disease and their elimination. The main goal of these methods: activation of the body's forces to counter the effects of negative factors.
- Secondary This is a complex of measures of precisely a defense nature: the identification and prevention of relapse, the progression of the pathological process, etc.
- Tertiary. This is an element of secondary prevention, which is not always allocated in a separate paragraph. This may be the rehabilitation of patients, persons with disabilities who have lost the opportunity for full-fledged life.
About the principles
As for the levels of prevention, the following very important principles are inherent in them:
- Continuity.
- Differentiated nature.
- Massiveness.
- The complexity of preventive measures.
- And, of course, scientific.
It is worth mentioning that medical preventive measures can be various, ranging from sanitary and hygienic procedures (prevention of worms or poisoning) to vaccination (prevention of major diseases that can be avoided by introducing a small amount of the virus into the human body to familiarize the body with it and develop protective mechanism in case of an epidemic).
Fire prevention
There is also the concept of “fire prevention”. This is a set of various measures aimed at preventing fire situations. It is worth mentioning that this type of preventive measures is used not only by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, they are needed in the construction of all types of buildings (both residential and non-residential premises), the planning and development of both urban and rural areas. Fire prevention measures may include the following:
- Not only control, but also the development and implementation of fire safety rules.
- Maintaining the planning and design of facilities taking into account their fire hazard.
- Proper maintenance and improvement of fire system measures.
- Regularly conducting expert surveys of various enterprises for compliance with fire safety rules and the readiness of fire systems for quick response.
- Propaganda of fire-technical knowledge among people at enterprises, in schools, etc.
About social prevention
It is worth saying that there is also another type - social prevention. This is a certain system of measures that are aimed at preventing, localizing or eliminating specific negative manifestations in society. There are special measures for this type of preventive action. They are divided into:
- general (intended for a large number of people: improving working conditions, prevention of deviate behavior among adolescents, etc.);
- special (these measures are aimed at a special population of people who are at risk in this issue; for example, difficult adolescents in the prevention of crime);
- individual measures (the work is aimed at individuals who are in the same risk group as in the paragraph above).
Moreover, prevention methods are used at various levels: personal, family, social, state.
Basic moments
Social prevention also deserves special attention in terms of its special moments. Why is it needed?
- In society every day there are a huge number of different stressful situations. If they are not resolved, they accumulate and grow into a huge problem. Preventive measures can kill a developing “infection” at the beginning and save society from analyzing the consequences of this condition.
- Nevertheless, the main goal is not to respond to the emerging problem, but to prevent it altogether. This requires a deep analysis of social relations in a certain period of time and according to a certain situation in the country (crisis, martial law, etc.).
- Prevention methods are designed to teach people new skills, to give special knowledge to achieve their own goals or maintain health.
- Prevention services are designed to find the best ways to both prevent problems and solve them.
