Despite the rapid globalization processes, processes of separation of states and nations are also taking place in the modern world. Therefore, it is not surprising that racial theory, which was
popular in the world in the first half of the twentieth century. Its roots can be found in antiquity. In world history, racial theory changed its content, but the ends and means remained the same. In the article, we will consider in more detail and clearly what its meaning is.
So, in a nutshell, racial theory is a theory according to which one race is superior to another. It is incorrect to assume that it was German National Socialism that was the ancestor of racial theory, and even more so it was not the ancestor of racism. Such ideas first appeared in society long before the concepts of “Nazism, ” “fascism, ” etc. were introduced. Back in the 19th century. this theory began to attract more and more attention. Speaking in scientific language, according to racial theory, it is racial distinction that plays a decisive role in the cultural, historical and moral development of the people, and even influences the political system. By the way, racial theory is not limited to biological indicators.
Studying this direction, it is easy to come to the conclusion that not all races are equal, that there are so-called "higher" and "lower" races. The destiny of the highest is to build states, rule the world and command. Accordingly, the fate of the lower races is to obey the higher. Therefore, it is safe to say that the roots of any racism lie precisely in racial thorium. The line between these concepts is so thin that they are often identified with each other.
Supporters of these ideas were Nietzsche and de Gobineau. The latter belongs to the racial theory of the origin of the state. According to this theory, people are divided into lower (Slavs, Jews, Gypsies) races and higher (Nordic, Aryan). The former must blindly obey the latter, and the state is only necessary so that the higher races can command the lower. It was this theory that the Nazis used during the Great Patriotic War. However, according to research, there is no connection between racial affiliation and mental ability. The same was confirmed by the results of the Second World War.
Hitler's racial theory, which is more correctly called the Nazi racial theory, was based on the idea of the superiority of the Aryan race over other peoples.
At first, these ideas justified discrimination, and then the destruction of not only the "lower" races, but also the mentally ill, crippled children, seriously ill, homosexuals, people with disabilities for the sake of "purity of the Aryan race", the race that came from India and, according to the propaganda of the Third Reich, was the only one
"higher" race. The theory formed the basis of the "racial hygiene" developed in the Third Reich. A sign of a "pure race" was blond hair, specific anthropometric data and, in particular, light eye color. A threat to the purity of the Aryan race were, along with the Jews, gypsies. This made certain difficulties for the ideologists of Nazism, since gypsies are genetically and ethnically similar to Indians and speak the language of the Indo-European group. The way out was found. Gypsies were declared the result of a mixture of pure Aryan blood and lower races, which meant they were to be destroyed along with the Slavs and Jews.
