The industrial city in the Karaganda region in Soviet times was called the "Kazakhstan Magnitogorsk". The city-forming enterprise is ArcelorMittal JSC, the largest metallurgical plant in the country, which employs a significant part of the population of Temirtau. Here, the president of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev began his career.
general information
Temirtau is a city of regional significance, the second largest after Karaganda. Located in the Kazakh steppe, on the banks of the Nura River. To the north is the Samarkand reservoir, built to supply water to metallurgical production. The territory of the city covers an area of 296.1 square meters. m
It was founded in 1909, the status of the city was assigned in 1945 and at the same time received its modern name, which is translated from the Kazakh language as "Iron Mountain". The development is largely associated with the development of the Karaganda coal basin and the construction of a metallurgical plant. In 1988, the city included an Aktau urban type settlement. The population of Temirtau is 181, 197 people, according to 2018.
Foundation of the city
In 1905, the first forty families from Samara settled here on the left bank of the Nur River, who came here as part of the Stolypin reform. The settlement was named Jaur, by the name of a hill nearby. In 1909, they renamed the village of Samarkand. According to one version, because the settlement was on the road along which sugar (edging in Kazakh) was brought from the Samara to the Kazakh steppe. By 2011, the first hospital and school started operating.
After the establishment of Soviet power, a geological expedition worked in the region under the leadership of Academician Kanysh Satpayev, which did not find minerals. In the reports, geologists recommended Temartau as an ideal place for the construction of a metallurgical plant.
In 1933, a water canal was built from Samarkand to the regional center, to supply water to the Karaganda coal basin. In 1935, construction began on a hydroelectric complex on the Nur River, which was supposed to close the shortage of electricity in industry. At this time, the population of Temirtau, then the village of Samarkand, was about 200 people. The first turbogenerator was commissioned in 1942.
In Soviet times
In the difficult years of World War II, construction began on the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant, which produced the first steel from an open-hearth furnace at the end of 1944. In 1945 (October 1), the village of Samarkand was isolated from the Kirov region of Karaganda and received city status. In the post-war years (1947-1949), a camp organized near Temirtau contained 22, 000 Japanese prisoners of war who were engaged in the construction of industrial and residential facilities.
In 1950, the expansion of the metallurgical plant began. The construction of new workshops was announced by the All-Union shock construction site. Komsomol youth detachments from all over the Soviet Union and socialist countries began to come to the city. The population of Temirtau began to grow rapidly; by 1959, 76, 725 people lived here.
In 1960, the first blast furnace gave the first heat. In 1963, the VTUZ plant (now Karaganda State Industrial University) started operating. In the 70s, the city grew rapidly and was improved, new residential neighborhoods, the Palace of Metallurgists and a sports complex were built.
By 1970, the population of Temirtau more than doubled, and amounted to 166, 479 people. In subsequent years, due to the increase in metallurgical production and the construction of new industrial enterprises, the population continued to grow rapidly. In the last Soviet year, the population of Temirtau reached the highest level in history of 213, 100 people.
