Biogeocenosis is a complex of living components interconnected by processes of energy and substance exchange, which is one of the most complex systems of the biosphere. On the other hand, it can be characterized as a stable community of flora and fauna that constantly interact with various components of the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere.
The concept of biogeocenosis is characterized by significant species diversity, a fairly high population density of living organisms, and, accordingly, significant biomass. All presented definitions are calculated based on the number of organisms, as well as the area or volume occupied by them. However, these values also vary by location. For example, biomass is most significant in tropical and temperate latitudes, and least in the tundra and ocean depths.
The components of biogeocenosis can be divided into two groups: living and inert. In turn, the first components can be autotrophic organisms, for example, green plants that are actively involved in the processes of photosynthesis, as well as heterotrophic, to which many complex life forms, such as representatives of the animal world, can be safely attributed. In addition, inert components are also important components of biogeocenosis.
They represent the near-Earth atmosphere, which has thermal and gas resources, solar energy, various mineral compounds that make up the soil, as well as water. The result of the process under consideration can be considered all kinds of metabolic products of organisms, heat, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Biogeocenosis is a community that has certain functions. This is the redistribution and accumulation of energy, as well as the circulation of substances in nature. The intensity and flow of these components and the number of trophic levels can serve as indicators of structure and functioning.
Biogeocenosis is a self-sustaining, self-sufficient and self-regulating system. The processes taking place in it can occur without additional external influences, which determines its integrity and characterizes it as a structure that has close relationships. Considering this concept in the general case, we are only talking about living organisms that live in a particular area, as well as the biotic and abiotic effects exerted on them.
On the other hand, biogeocenosis is a complex structure that is constantly changing due to the evolution of a particular species separately. Moreover, each of them seeks to take the most advantageous place for a prosperous existence. Nevertheless, there is also the concept of exchange of species between neighboring biocenoses. This leads to constant competition, stimulates further development, and also helps to restore largely disturbed ecological balance.
