Ancient monuments of architecture are not spared by time, but they continue to amaze many generations with their harmonious forms. The festive and even somewhat pompous Doric style, so beloved by the architects of Greece and Rome, today is practically absent on modern streets, but still causes admiration. It was created by ancient architects who manually created amazing beauty.
At the turn of the 6th century BC, two surprisingly beautiful artistic trends formed in architecture. It is an Ionian and Doric style. Day after day, architects with the help of builders achieved the perfection of proportions and forms, which were tested on the magnificent temples and palaces under construction. They tried to ensure that the Doric order looked perfect, because it was the basis of the architecture of that time. The final formation of the style ended around 600 BC.
Initially, rectangular buildings prevailed in ancient Greece, and the material used for construction was fragile clay and reed. Replaced by such short-lived components for the construction of dwellings came more solid, decorated with new decorative finishes and sculpture temple construction.
The endless desire of ancient architects for monumentality and the creation of ideal proportions in buildings contributed to the formation of new, which later became classical styles. The most significant of all are the Roman and Greek Doric warrants. The Roman order was executed with Mutula and denticuli.
Speaking of the difference, it can be noted that the classical column of the Doric order lacked a base or it was executed with a strong refinement. On the trunk were vertical grooves, which were called flutes. They tightly adjoined each other, and also there was no habitual path between them. In this style, flutes were made with particularly sharp edges and were not deep.
The Doric capital is a round pillow (echinus) and a thick square plate (abacus). On the top of the columns, the capital, lies the main load of the parts above. Doric capitals have a feature expressed in the fact that echin is treated with ionics, and under the shelf of the abacus there is a heel, which is decorated with exquisite ornaments.
The entablature consists of architrave, frieze and cornice. Echin is a round pillow of a curved profile and square abacus, and the frieze, in turn, is divided into horizontal triglyphs and metopes. A unique Doric order was developed in the architecture of ancient Greece. It was here that the craftsmen began to build more durable stone temples, using these decorations. One of such constructions in Greece is the temple of Artemis in Kerkyra.
The Doric warrant received the greatest flowering in the VI-V centuries. BC, this is the time of the reign of perfect forms and classics. This style was an adornment and emphasized the majesty and monumentality of the composition of buildings of that time, their beauty and uniqueness of architecture. The typical and oldest Doric temple is in Greece, it is the Temple of Hera in the famous Olympia. His age is VII century. BC e. It was erected in a picturesque area on the southern slopes of the hill of Kronius.
The temple was built according to all the rules of early Doric architecture with a clearly defined orientation from west to east, has a slightly elongated shape. Peripheria has a certain number of columns. A special flavor is given to them by the fact that they are different in thread, proportions and the smallest details. Initially, they were made of wood, but later they gradually began to be replaced by stone ones. This happened over a considerable period of time, almost from antiquity to the Roman period, and this, in turn, was reflected in the carving, which also underwent changes depending on the trends in the development of architectural styles.
