Many of us have heard at least once in our life about such a thing as the ecological rating of Russian cities. However, this is not surprising. Indeed, all of us, regardless of age, marital status, degree of education and occupation, would like to be proud of the clean environment and not worry about the future health of our children. That is why the ecology of the region is so important in the modern world. In this article we will try to discuss this and some other issues in detail.
Section 1. Ecological rating of Russian cities. General situation in the country
Recently, more and more information has been revealed testifying to the unfavorable environmental situation in our country. In addition, according to the results of the 20th century, more than 200 cities were declared unsuitable for life due to the high level of air and water pollution.
It is sad that the result of the all-Russian campaign “Dirty Cities”, designed to improve the environment, turned out to be insignificant, since the elimination of polluting waste was carried out with minimal success. It turns out that the environmental problems of the city do not disappear, in fact, they are exacerbated every day.
Industrial settlements are on the first place in the list of the most dangerous on the planet. So, for example, statistics show that in Russian Norilsk about 90% of diseases are associated with lung problems, which once again proves the full depth of problems with the environmental situation in industrial regions.
It also became known that the Norwegian side, worried about severe environmental pollution, recently allocated a fairly large amount of money to replace the obsolete equipment of one of the factories of the city of Nickel, located on the Kola Peninsula.
Section 2. Three zones of ecological tension of the country
Unfortunately, our green, rich and beautiful country cannot be called environmentally friendly for living. The deplorable state of the environment in the state in some places reaches its critical value. Back in 1989, scientists compiled a special map of Russia with cities, displaying the environmental situation at that time. The then USSR, and therefore our country, was divided into three zones according to the degree of pollution, which should be considered in more detail:
1. Catastrophic. This cannot be attributed to the largest accumulation of radionuclides in Kyshtym of the Chelyabinsk region. It is unlikely that anyone will deny the extremely low environmental rating of Russian cities located in this area.
2. Crisis. It is associated with the active activity of oil producing and refining factories, as well as industrial zones (Kalmykia, Arkhangelsk region, Angara region, Middle and Lower Volga region and several other territories).
3. Moderately tense. The Black Earth region, northwest of the European part of the country. The rating of ecologically clean cities in Russia shows that it is on this territory that the most favorable living and minimal risk to health.
Section 3. Who is to blame?
However, the "culprits" of increased environmental tension are not only industrial emissions, but also automobile gases, which account for as much as 40% of all pollution.
The statistics of Rospotrebnadzor inexorably show that every year the environmental rating of Russian cities does not change for the better, and road transport spews about 13 tons of hazardous substances, and more than 58% of the population of megalopolises are negatively affected by contaminated air.
Section 4. Norilsk - the most dangerous city in Russia
The rating of ecologically dirty cities in Russia is very disappointing. To date, scientists do not paint the most rosy pictures about life in a rather unfavorable way from Norilsk.
With a population of just 201 thousand people, the city is engaged in the extraction of almost all the elements of the periodic table, starting with copper and ending with iridium. Scientists can often hear the statement that Norilsk is on the verge of an environmental disaster. And not only.
Horrific studies show that the average life expectancy for men is 45 years, for women - a little more. Bronchial asthma, cancer, mental and physical disorders in infants are the consequences of an overdose of dangerous substances. Carbon dioxide emits 2% of all global emissions!
And this is only in one city, which occupies the lowest mark, if we take into account the rating of Russian cities by ecology.
Section 5. Potentially Dangerous Dzerzhinsk
The situation in Dzerzhinsk of the Nizhny Novgorod region can harm not only the population of the city, but also the capital of the entire Volga region. Why is this happening? What is the reason?
The fact is that here, even during the reign of N.S. Khrushchev, they were engaged in the development of chemical weapons, as a result of which phenol, sarin and lead pollution still remind residents of the times of the Cold War.
But that is not all. The activities of the current, as if modern and superbly equipped industrial enterprises of the city also not in the best way affect the state of the environmental situation in Dzerzhinsk.
Section 6. Not everything is so bad!
However, we hasten to assure you that the ecological map of Russia with the cities is not as pessimistic as it might seem at first glance, and yet you should not despair.
Today, the work of environmentalists is moving noticeably, albeit at a very moderate pace. We give explanatory data. So, while reading the report “On the State and Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation” in 2013, it was said that, for example, Solikamsk was removed from the list of the dirtiest cities in Russia. But it still has 123 cities.
The environmental rating of Russian cities shows that Astrakhan, Samara, Ulyanovsk and Sverdlovsk Regions, the Chuvash Republic, Khakassia, and Krasnoyarsk Territory are recognized as the dirtiest regions.
Murmansk, Novgorod, Kirov, Omsk and Leningrad regions, as well as North Ossetia, are recognized as clean.
Section 7. What does the rating of environmentally friendly cities of Russia mean?
Not so long ago, the Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of Russia, Rinat Gizatulin, presented a list of cities that, according to employees of the ministry, are the most environmentally friendly. This collection includes 87 cities with a population of more than half a million people. It is noteworthy that Moscow occupies an honorable 4th place in it. The capital of Bashkiria, Ufa, was recognized as the cleanest city.
The assessment was carried out primarily on the quality of air and water, as well as on the policy guaranteed by the local authorities, aimed at cleaning our city from pollution.
The last in the list are Astrakhan, Barnaul and Magadan. This is largely due to the fact that the authorities of these settlements completely ignored the request for the data necessary for analysis, which means that it is generally difficult to draw any conclusions regarding them today.
Section 8. Can Moscow be considered a clean city?
Despite the fact that the main city of the state is in 4th place among the cleanest cities in Russia, the capital is not an environmentally safe place.
However, at present, the policy of the authorities of Moscow and the Moscow Region provides for careful monitoring of the state of the environment in different areas.
So, for example, Mosecomonitoring regularly publishes data on the state of soil, air, water and forests, and also visually shows the dynamics of changes. Mobile eco-laboratories immediately and upon demand respond to complaints from residents. As for highly hazardous industrial emissions, monitoring is carried out daily.
Thus, it can be asserted with confidence that in Moscow today all the necessary conditions for monitoring the environmental situation are created.
