The economy is that sphere of the life of society that somehow affects absolutely the entire population of the planet. Any actions related to the exchange, purchase or sale, hiring of labor, are already economic. Therefore, the beginning of economic history is considered to be the beginning of the history of mankind. We are all participants in economic relations.
The essence of economic behavior
Provided that we are all part of the economy and economic relations, we can assume that our actions play a role not only in our lives, but also in the life of the whole society. Individuals, enterprises and states by their actions always strive to get maximum benefits at minimum costs. So, getting any profit or profit through the use of your resources is ec. behavior.
If we consider a single individual, then the choice of the method of accumulating cash, the frequency of certain purchases, the way of earning - all this is economic behavior. It is worth noting that for each individual it is different and depends on many factors.
Human economic behavior in the narrow sense
If you do not look at the behavior of all people together, but stop focusing on the motives, goals and behavior of an individual subject, you can notice the following: each person seeks personal gain. In addition, he tries to win the maximum at minimum cost. We all want to work less, but earn more, pay less, but get more.
Therefore, the economic behavior of a person in the narrow sense can be considered as a way of earning. In this case, the following types of behavior can be distinguished: wage labor, entrepreneurship, investment, talent. Wage labor is the most common way to earn money. In this case, the choice of place of work will depend on conditions, wages, habits, education, experience and so on. The next way is entrepreneurship. In this case, economic behavior will be determined by the availability of resources and the ability to use them. Investments - this is a method of earning from exclusively investing your own funds. Talent, or rather, its realization, is also a way of earning and receiving any benefits.
Factors affecting eq. behavior
If we ignore the economy, then we can say that we are all completely different. We have a different education, character, habits and views, families and nationalities. All this affects our lives. So it is in the economic behavior of man. Our capabilities, resources and desires fully determine the behavior within the economy.
The first thing that affects eq. behavior, that is, the motives of economic behavior - this is the search for benefits. When choosing a bank for a deposit, a person will prefer one that offers more favorable conditions or a larger percentage. He will also behave when choosing a job: among the offers on the labor market, he will choose the one where there will be the highest pay or comfortable conditions.
The next factor is habits. If a person is used to buying a certain set of products from year to year, going to a limited number of stores and establishments, working in specific conditions, this forms his economic behavior, and even if you offer him other options, he will most likely ignore them on the basis of out of habits.
Behavior can also be affected by temporary goals. For example, the desire to buy an apartment can stop before the extra purchases that a person usually makes, and push to the accumulation or opening of a deposit.
Also, factors influencing behavior can be: the economic situation, nationality, traditions, marital status, and so on.
EC structure conduct
Many researchers studying issues of economic behavior agree that the following factors can be distinguished in its structure: economic consciousness and economic culture, economic emotions, stereotypes, and thinking.
Economic consciousness consists in the recognition and use of existing economic processes, knowledge of legislation and the application of opportunities.
Economic emotions are feelings that a person experiences in connection with the acquisition of something, an awareness of the need for action or inaction in the economic sphere. This part of the structure of economic behavior is closely related to psychology and sensations. Stereotypes and thinking are knowledge, experience and the ability to apply them in practice to achieve economic goals.
Ec models conduct
Next, we consider models of economic behavior. There are many approaches to their selection that take various factors as a basis. For example, one can note monetary, investment, and entrepreneurial behavior, or divide models according to the principle of market organization. There are also models developed by scientists and bearing their names, for example, the Alchiyan model, the Keynes investment behavior model, the Soros model.
All of them are quite abstract in nature and describe the behavior of people with different resources in various economic situations. The basis may be taken motivation, the availability of private property, talents, education and other factors that a person can use to obtain benefits.
Rational eq. behavior
Speaking of rational economic behavior within the framework of the economy, they usually turn to the theory of economic man, which was developed at the end of the 19th century. According to this theory, all people involved in economic activities pursue different goals. With many goals, a person has a limited amount of resources and directs them to the sphere of needs in which their application will be most effective.
For example, with a limited amount of money, he has a need for rest and buying a car. A person is forced to compare desires, the number of investments and benefits, and then make a choice in favor of one thing.
On the other hand, according to some researchers, the rationality of behavior also determines the social environment. What can be rational in one social position and environment is completely illogical in other circumstances, in another country or at another time. Thus, the concept of rationality of behavior is very subjective and depends on many factors.
Subjects ek. conduct
It is important to note that the subject may be the subject of economic behavior within the economic system. This is an initial unit that has its own resources in the form of money, talent, real estate, skills, which can use them to participate in the economy.
The next subject may be a group of individuals. For example, people united by professional, age, national, gender, financial characteristics. Such groups affect the country's economy and can be studied separately. For example, a group united by a professional basis may make certain purchases, rest or work more depending on the holidays, season, and so on. This has an impact on other economic sectors that serve this group, for example, supplying raw materials, materials or equipment, or, conversely, are served by this professional group. Thus, within the economy, the behavior of different groups depends on each other.
The state is also the subject of economic behavior. However, only within the framework of the global economy. The economic behavior of the state depends on the state of the economy, the availability of resources, and historical development.
Functions eq. conduct
Human behavior in the economy as a system performs a number of functions.
The first function of economic behavior is socializing. In the process of exchange, consumption, production and so on, people go through the process of socialization. They communicate, exchange information, experience, learn.
Adaptation. It is economic behavior that allows us to adapt production and workers to changes in the economic situation. The desire to make better use of their resources makes people adapt.
The regulatory function is that, in search of benefits, a person reacts or does not respond to offers, changes in the economy. This leads to a reverse reaction. Thus, market relations regulate themselves under the influence of human behavior. So, the economic behavior of a hotel person can affect the economy as a whole and vice versa.
The formation of eq. conduct
For the market as a whole and for those who provide a service or product, the need often arises to artificially shape or change economic behavior. Here we are talking more about consumer behavior. In second place may be the choice of work or profession.
As for purchases, with the help of advertising, marketing gimmicks, the seller or manufacturer can create interest in the buyer for those goods that he previously did not need. To do this, it is enough to form the illusion of necessity or fashion. So, a person’s economic behavior can change and, instead of the usual purchases or savings, he will begin to spend resources in a new direction.
Similarly, one can create prestige or devalue a profession. With competent advertising, a person can even go for a low-paying job, motivating his choice with prospects, prestige, or other factors.
Since economic behavior is completely dependent on the mental and emotional state of a person, it can be influenced and changed.
Problems ek. conduct
The behavior of people is different from each other. This is primarily due to personality differences. In addition, we all have different resources and goals. Problems of economic behavior are usually associated precisely with these features.
First, the difference between resources and goals. In this case, the person is constantly faced with the question of the most efficient use of resources. The second problem is a lack of knowledge about economic processes and phenomena. Another problem of economic behavior can be a crisis, inflation, deficit and other problems of the economy itself. Traditions and stereotypes can also impede logical and rational behavior in the economic sphere.
