The philosophy of Marxism is based on the works of two great scientists. Their names are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The philosophy of Marxism is part of such a teaching as Marxism.
This philosophy answers very serious questions. It was most popular between the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. In some countries (including the USSR), the philosophy of Marxism was elevated to the rank of state ideology.
Today, one of the most urgent tasks of this philosophy is the liberation from various dogmas, as well as adaptation to the current era.
The main directions of the philosophy of Marxism are historical as well as dialectical materialism. The essence of historical materialism is that:
- the basis on which the institute of citizenship is built, as well as the institute of society and public relations, is the level of production forces, as well as the relations of production themselves;
- people constantly enter into all kinds of industrial relations that are not dependent on their will;
- the basis, as well as the add-in are interconnected;
- the fate of the state and the course of history are determined by material production, the level of the economy, as well as production relations;
- formations were highlighted;
- production relations change with the growth of production forces.
In this case, means of production means a unique product or functions of the highest level, which make it possible to produce a completely new product. Production of a new product is not possible without service force.
Capitalism has evolved over time. As a result of evolution, the working mass was alienated not only from the means of production, but also from the results of labor. Means of production - this is the main product that is in the hands of the owners. With all this, the bulk of the working people (meaning those who do not have independent sources of income, as well as their means of production) are forced to become cheap labor to meet their needs.
A product that is produced by wage labor costs an order of magnitude more expensive than this wage labor itself. The resulting difference is called surplus value. As a rule, part of it goes into the pocket of the capitalist himself, and part is spent on the acquisition of new means of production, which in the future will help to obtain even more surplus value.
The main ideas of the philosophy of Marxism are that everything can be arranged completely differently. Marxists see a way out in the establishment of new social relations. With them:
- public property will replace private;
- ownership of all means of production will be eliminated;
- exploitation of man by man will be unacceptable;
- all the results of labor, as well as manufactured products will be equally distributed among members of society.
Dialectical materialism is based on those provisions that are present in Hegel's dialectic. However, his principles for dialectics to this work of the great philosopher have no relationship - they are materialistic.
The main provisions of dialectical materialism include:
- consciousness is not an independent entity, since it is only matter that is able to reflect itself;
- consciousness is determined by being;
- matter is constantly changing, developing;
- God is an ideal image;
- matter has no end. The forms of its existence may change;
- practice is the most important factor in development, and a person changes and changes only by acting;
- any development is based on the three laws of dialectics.
The economic and social philosophy of Marxism contains ideas that will always be relevant.
