Gafur Gulyam is a poet and publicist, a passionate fighter for friendship, happiness and peace between nations. His poems, short stories, novels and poems have been translated into more than 30 languages, and almost every Soviet person laughed at The Mischievous Man.
Gafur Gulyam: biography
The poet was born in a poor peasant family on April 27 (according to some sources, May 10), 1903 in the capital of Uzbekistan - Tashkent. Gafur Gulyamov (real name and surname), despite his origin, as well as all family members, was distinguished by high spirituality and literacy. Father Gulyam Mirza Arif was a well-read man and wrote poetry himself. Mukimi, Furkat, Khislat were frequent guests of their home.
As for the mother of the poet Tash-bibi, she, like her husband, was not indifferent to poetry and composed fairy tales. Thanks to competent parents, the children of the family quickly learned to read. Already in his childhood, Gafur Gulyam read in Farsi the works of Alisher Navoi, Saadi and Hafiz. Once a boy accidentally wrote his first poem and showed his mother to which the woman replied that she would definitely show and consult about his talent with his father.
Breadwinner
In the fall of 1912, Gulyam-aka's father returned home much earlier than usual. He had a fever and his body burned. Tash-bibi put her husband to bed, rubbed the patient with lamb fat and gave herbal tea hot drink. All night the man gasped and coughed violently. It was not possible to call a doctor, since he was not in the mahalla. The disease was aggravated by the fact that in the old house, located in a wetland, there was always damp. After a couple of days, the family lost the head of the family, and five children were left orphans. The oldest at that time was 9 years old, and the youngest was only six months old.
Later, Gafur Gulyam will tell that he remembered his mother’s crying poems written for the 44-year-old husband who had left the world:
“… Black hair fell on my eyebrows.
My heart is in sorrow, happiness is in disgrace
If you ask me what’s wrong with me, I’ll answer:
“I got the berries of separation …”
But the trouble did not leave the family, and soon the mother died. And Gafur begins to get homeless. I tried myself in many professions. Was admitted to the orphanage. I went to work in a printing house as a typesetter and signed up for pedagogical courses.
First print and failed marriage
In 1919, after completing teacher training courses, Gafur Gulyamov got a job in a primary school. The teacher not only taught children, but also traveled to other areas to meet friends and colleagues.
To facilitate the orphan life of a guy, relatives decide to marry him. No one began to listen to the boy’s resistances, and soon a modest wedding was played with a girl from a neighboring mahalla. Soon a daughter of Holy was born, but the marriage broke up.
The poet with his head went into public life and creativity. Knowing firsthand all the hardships of orphan life, Gafur Gulyam became one of the organizers of the fight against homelessness in the country. In 1923 he was appointed the head of the boarding school. On the night when 15 orphans appeared on the doorstep, a poem was written, which after some time became the first publication in print.
Writer children
Life does not stand still, Gafur collaborates with many magazines, gets acquainted with various creative people, writers. And falls in love with one of the sisters of the young writer Mukhitdin Khayrullaev - Muharram. In the fall of 1931, lovers united their fates, as it turned out, forever. In everyday life, young people had a hard time, but the young wife became a good housewife and freed her esteemed husband from everyday difficulties. She understood the importance of his work.
Children began to appear in a friendly family.
The first-born - Ulugbek Gulyamov - was born in 1933, on October 1. He worked as a director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences and a nuclear physicist of the USSR. He died in 1990, March 15.
Five years later, in 1938, daughter Olmos appeared, she became a journalist.
Mirza Abdul Kadyr Gulyamov (like his elder brother, a nuclear physicist by training) was born in 1945, February 17. He was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, director of the Institute of Solar Physics, then, from 2000 to 2005, the first civilian minister of defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The year 1947 was marked by the advent of another son, Honda, who later became a historian.
In 1950, the youngest daughter was born - Toshkhon, whom Gafur named in memory of his mother. Toshkhon did not disgrace her parents and did not lag behind the famous family members. She became a biologist and defended her doctorate.
I must say that the daughter from her first marriage to her marriage also lived in her father's house.
Creation
The poetry and prose of a talented writer is the embodiment of the history of the Uzbek people. They told all the troubles, life and joy. A huge role in the development of literature in Uzbekistan was played by the works of Gafur Gulyam, written in the post-war period. There are few people who have remained indifferent to his creations "I am a Jew, " "I am waiting for you my son" and "You are not an orphan."
During the war period, the poems by Gafur Ghulam were filled with emotions and thoughts of people who took up arms. And after the end of the Second World War, his poems are filled with emotions and emotional excitement of those who once defended peace on Earth. Thus, the post-war lyrics are a continuation of the military, and two poems appear as the connecting link of two difficult periods: “Remember, the Motherland is waiting for you” and “Holiday of the Winners”.
Awards
His first works appeared in one of the issues of the magazine "Maorif wa ukituvchi", in 1923. It was in this publication that he was indicated as Gafur Gulyam. He received literary awards much later. In 1946, the poet became a laureate of the Stalin Prize. Then follow 3 orders of Lenin, 2 - the Red Banner of Labor (1939 and 1963), the Badge of Honor and many medals. For the last written poems in 1970 he received the Lenin Prize (posthumous).
Gafur Gulyam, "Mischievous" (summary)
Many works were devoted to children. The story “Mischief-maker" ("The Noise of a Bol", 1936-1962) turned out to be the most popular and successful, where the hero tells about his tragic life.
The boy ran away from home to his aunt after his mother punished him for taking food out of the house. But here too, failure followed: by chance, he killed his uncle's quail, and he had to leave this house. Thus began his wandering life, which he tells his reader about.
In fact, the piece "Mischievous" is the author’s childhood story. The story of how, having remained an orphan, he wandered from morning to evening along the dusty streets of Tashkent, often spent the night in the open air and greedily took up any opportunity to earn extra money.
But a funny invention and an inexhaustible fantasy made the mischievous boy look like the legendary Nasreddin - the hero of Uzbek folklore. The mischievous speech is colored with humor. There are sayings, proverbs, comparisons. The main character, thanks to his vivid imagination, looks at the world "through the cunning glass of laughter."
The writer focused on the feelings and experiences of the mischievous, showed the inner state of the soul. Everything that is described in this story: events, things, that is, what surrounds the hero, was created to aggravate the disclosure of the feelings of a small person.
House museum
It was created in 1983. Exposure updates for the entire time of existence have occurred twice. In 1988 and 1998, the museum materials were replenished with new evidence of the popularity and relevance of the poet and his work. The director of the house-museum is the daughter of the writer Olmos Gafurovna.
It is located in the building of a two-story mansion, where from 1944 to 1946 the poet Gafur Gulyam lived and worked. Within its walls, the house-museum stores a memorial complex and literary expositions.
Three halls on the ground floor are dedicated to the life and main creative periods of the poet. The 1st and 2nd halls will tell guests about the childhood and youth of the famous countryman, his becoming a poet and, of course, about the popularity that poems gained during the Second World War. We are talking about the famous poem "You are not an orphan" and the story "Mischievous", translated into many languages.
Special stands installed on the ground floor tell of his work as a translator and the activities of an academician. The last hall is a reflection of popular recognition and love. The metro station (Tashkent), the local history museum (Kokand), for which the poet secured a separate building, a recreation park (Tashkent) and one of the largest literary publications in Uzbekistan, are named in honor of Gafur Gulyam. It also presents materials from the 90th and 95th anniversary of his birth, which were widely celebrated in the writer's homeland.
The memorial complex is located on the second floor. A study, a relaxation room and a living room still store some of the poet's household items. In the library you can find works with his autographs and books that Gafur Gulyam received as a gift from fellow writers.
Museum address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Arpapaya street, 1 (landmark - Mukimi Musical Theater in the region of Besh-Agach). Opening hours - daily from 10:00 to 17:00. The day off is Monday.
Our days
Park "Gafura Gulyama" in Tashkent (photo below) - one of the largest in area in Uzbekistan, was established in 1967, during the construction of the Chilanzar district. This is one of the favorite vacation spots not only of the local population, but also tourists and guests of the capital.
In the summer, a green, clean and well-groomed park turns into a rescue zone from the scorching sun for small fidgets.
Why do they like Gafur Gulyam park in Tashkent? Children - for a variety of attractions, fun and carefree atmosphere; elderly people - for the coolness emanating from the lakes, and the shadow of half a century old trees; couples in love and young mothers - for quiet corners with the possibility of solitude.
What is interesting in the park?
- Small zoo and ferris wheel.
- Modern attractions for children and adults at affordable prices.
- A summer cafe and a large lake, where in summer you can ride boats and catamarans.
Advice for tourists and guests of the capital: the Gafur Gulyam recreation and culture park is best visited on weekdays when locals are at work. On weekends, for the sake of visiting the attractions, you have to stand in the scorching sun in large lines.
Park address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city, Art. m. "Mirzo Ulugbek", Chilanzar district, Bunyodkor avenue, 21.
