A large city located in Eastern Siberia, the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the center of the Chita Region, a large transport hub is Chita.
General information
The city is located on the slopes of two ranges: Yablonovy and Chersky, at the confluence of the Chita River with Ingoda. Within Chita, there is Mount Titovskaya Sopka 946 meters high, as well as Lake Kenon. The natural landscape is diverse: from meadows and steppes to mountain taiga massifs.
Chita is located in a zone of pronounced continental climate with little snow in winter and warm, humid summers. Distance from the capital of the Russian Federation, Moscow - 5000 km.
From the history of the city
The appearance of Chita is associated with the development of the vast expanses of Siberia by service people. Moving deep into the Siberian expanses after the Cossacks, there was a diverse merchant and industrial people. Detachment of Peter Beketov in 1653 reached the river. Ingoda and laid the winter hut. This settlement was called the Carnival, because here rafts were built, later boats. Having a favorable geographical location, located at the intersection of land and waterways, the carpenter quickly developed. In 1699 a prison appeared, which in 1706 was called Chitinsky.
The future city owes its further development to the development of silver mines in the vicinity of the beginning of the 17th century, called Nerchensky, and the construction of factories. From the extant written sources of the XVIII century, you can find out the population of Chita at that time. In 1762, it was 73 inhabitants. The lack of labor was compensated by the use of labor of convicts.
Over time, the prison began to relate to the Nerchensky mining department. This left an imprint on employment. Chita continued its industrial development due to the fact that its residents began to burn charcoal for smelting ore, delivering it to the Shilkinsky plant. A common occupation of the local population was also forestry, rafting of goods along the river.
In the 20 years. XIX century in the city, there were already 300 inhabitants. Chita became the center of Chita volost. An important role in the development of the city was played by the Decembrists who were exiled here to hard labor.
In the middle of the XIX century, the Transbaikal region was formed. The title of its main urban center was given to Chita, whose population began to grow rapidly. In 1863, three thousand inhabitants lived here.
In the XX century, Chita entered the developed industrial city of Siberia. A railway was built, many factories and plants worked. The village became a major trading center of Transbaikalia. Houses, temples were built, a synagogue and a mosque operated, a library appeared. The population of the city by 1910 amounted to more than 68 thousand people.
After the October Revolution, the city was for some time the capital of the Far Eastern Republic. During the Second World War, the enterprises of Chita worked for the needs of the front. In 1945, the headquarters of the commander in the Far East, Marshal Vasilevsky, was located here. Until 1949, Japanese prisoners of war worked in the construction of various buildings in the city.
The social infrastructure of the city was developing. Chita, whose population worked hard at industrial enterprises and in the social sphere, in 1972 was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.
Chita in the 21st Century
Today Chita is a developed industrial city. The construction of facilities of various importance has expanded, new foreign policy relations have been established, trade is developing. Chita (the population of the city is especially proud of this) became the laureate of the prestigious national award “For worthy deeds - grateful Russia”, the winner in the fourth All-Russian contest “Golden Ruble” in its district.
The city has universities, schools, vocational guidance schools, research institutes. Chita, whose population is able to raise its cultural level, has a sufficient number of educational institutions. There are 24 museums, theaters, circus, philharmonic society, and a large concert complex. Festivals and competitions of various levels are regularly organized and held.
