Ivanovo Square of the Moscow Kremlin is one of the oldest places in the capital. It is a landmark in the central part of the city. About Ivanovskaya Square in Moscow, its history, features and interesting facts will be discussed in the article.
History
Ivanovo Square of the Moscow Kremlin originates in 1329. It was built near the church of John Climacus, which was built of stone. This temple, in fact, divided the single square of the city into two parts. One of them, the eastern one, began to be called in the same way as the church - Ioannovskaya (later Ivanovo), and the western - the Cathedral.
In the 14-15 centuries, on the eastern and southern sides were the courts of princes (specific), which belonged to the Moscow House. From the north side of the square there were buildings belonging to the Miracle Monastery, which was founded in 1365.
During the reign of Grand Duke Ivan III, a substantial part of the princely households located on the Ivanovo Square of the Moscow Kremlin passed into the ownership of the treasury. After which they were handed out to arrange courtyards by the sovereign servants of various ranks. For the most part, these were representatives of the noble and boyar clans.
Square in the 16th century
At the beginning of the 16th century, near the Church of St. John Climacus on the Ivanovo Square of the Kremlin, the so-called clerks of the cottage were created. In their place during the reign of Boris Godunov, the first building of orders of stone was built. Orders, like the chambers of chambers, were the governing bodies.
Since this period, the square has become one of the most visited, crowded and lively places in Moscow. People with petitions from all over Russia came here. The clerks (civil servants) on the square loudly read the orders of the king. It is an interesting fact that it was from here in the Russian language that the well-known phraseological unit appeared, according to which, if they behave noisily, it means "they shout at the whole of Ivanovo." Quite often, various corporal punishment of convicted violators of the law was carried out on Ivanovo Square in the Moscow Kremlin.
17th century square
In the 17th century, next to the bell tower of Ivan the Great, a special room was arranged in which there were arena clerks. With them, everyone had the opportunity to draw up a petition or draw up a document that had valid legal force. Starting from the middle of the 17th century, a special architectural view of Ivanovskaya Square took shape, but later on, however, it was lost forever.
The main architectural structure in the square, as before, was the bell tower of Ivan the Great. Close to her were Filaretova and the Assumption belfry. In front of the belfry were miniature churches dedicated to the martyr Christopher, as well as to the Chernigov miracle workers. On the south side of the church buildings was a long wing of order chambers, which consisted of two tiers and had the shape of the letter “P”.
Second half of the 17th century
In the 2nd half of the 17th century behind orders, through a small alley, there was a courtyard with stone chambers of the boyars of Mstislavsky. Here was the church of Guria, Simon and Aviv. Immediately outside the court of Mstislavsky, the church of Nikolai Gostunsky was erected. From this church began the street that led to the Frolovskiy Gate of the Kremlin. On the other side of the street was the courtyard and stone chambers of the boyar Morozov. The constructions of the Miracle Monastery adjoined his courtyard, and immediately a street called Bolshaya Nikolskaya began. She walked to the Kremlin gate of the same name.
The new look of the square
By the end of the 17th century, the general image and appearance of Ivanovo Square in the Kremlin was changing dramatically. On the site of the old, new order buildings are being erected, not only the buildings of the old chambers of law are dismantled, but also all nearby buildings. Including the ancient temples standing in the square, as well as most of the courtyard of the boyars of Mstislavsky, were dismantled.
In 1680, the reconstruction of the Miracle Monastery begins. The new extensive and fraternal refectory, which were erected at the monastery church of Alexei Metropolitan, get their own access to the square. Together with this, they become an integral part of the updated architectural appearance of the square.
Area in the 18-19 centuries
The courtyard of the boyar Morozov was transferred to the Chudov monastery. It was decided to build a bishop’s house for the new head of the Moscow diocese. The building, built in a new style by the famous architect M. Kazakov, was completed in 1770. At a time when Catherine II ruled, large-scale plans were developed to overhaul part of the Kremlin. It was they who gave the start to the phased destruction, which underwent the old appearance of the described area in the Kremlin.
In the 70s of the 18th century, in connection with the planned construction of new buildings and structures of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the chambers of churches built in the 17th century were demolished. In 1817, the church of Nikolai Gostunsky was also dismantled, and its main throne moved to the bell tower of Ivan the Great.
