The most valuable gift that is given to man by nature is, of course, health. The very word "health" is one of the most frequent in everyday communication among people. People associate even the usual greeting when they meet and part with this important word: "hello" or "be healthy." It’s not for nothing that people say: “Everything is healthy for a healthy person!” This simple but clever truth must be remembered constantly, and not when the body starts to fail and the person already needs to go to the doctor. The basis for maintaining human health is personal and public hygiene and, undoubtedly, medical supervision.
Hygiene is considered a medical science that studies the effects of the environment on human health. It also implies compliance with the rules of personal and public hygiene. The purpose of this science is the prevention of various diseases, providing better living conditions for the human body, maintaining the health of the individual and prolonging his life. And the basis of personal and public hygiene is exercise and proper nutrition.
These two concepts are interconnected. The social depends on the person’s performance of his personal hygiene, as part of public hygiene, since each individual is in society, and it cannot be otherwise. And under the concept of society is meant a state in which there is necessarily a Ministry of Health. It should conduct special measures of personal and public hygiene so that all kinds of epidemics do not develop in the state.
No matter how developed medicine is today, it is not able to rid every person of all diseases. You need to understand that man is the creator of his own health! Instead of dreaming of a "healing source" and other miraculous elixirs, it is better to learn to observe the rules of personal and public hygiene from an early age. To maintain health and extend life, it is necessary to lead a healthy and active lifestyle.
The main elements of public and personal hygiene are productive work. It includes: optimal physical activity, balanced nutrition, hardening and getting rid of bad habits.
Definition of a concept
The concept of personal hygiene, as part of the public, contains the general rules of this section of medicine, such as the correct order of mental and physical activity, playing sports, regular meals of balanced and wholesome food, rest and a good sleep.
During the development of personal and public hygiene, it became clear that the hygiene of sports is very important for human health, which is aimed at having a beneficial effect on the human body. A large number of its provisions, norms and rules are widely used in the practice of physical education. As a result, hygiene measures and active physical education pursue the same goals: improving health, increasing mental and physical activity.
Rational daily routine and volume of physical activity
The foundation for maintaining human health and maintaining personal and social cleanliness and hygiene is the correct daily routine. The correct sequence of work and outdoor activities, a systematic meal, the established and regular time of getting up and going to bed, the implementation of daily personal care measures - all this is very important for health. A balanced daily routine makes it possible to better plan your time, accustoms any person to discipline.
The history of personal and public hygiene shows that the functional energy of the human body, which is constantly changing rhythmically, is very important. The rhythms of the functioning of the human body, which are called biological, have different periods.
The daily is considered the main one. At night, all indicators of metabolic processes, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, even body temperature, go down. In the afternoon, on the contrary, metabolism and motor activity increase.
It is also worth noting that throughout the day, performance also changes rhythmically: gradually increasing from the morning hours, it reaches the highest level from 10 hours to 13 hours, and then gradually decreases to 14 hours. After this, a second wave of increase in human performance, which, starting from 20 hours, gradually decreases. Based on biological rhythms, the best time for playing sports is from 10 to 13 hours or from 16 to 20 hours.
Physical activity
Exercise is the basis of personal and public hygiene. It is she who has the most important influence on the growth and formation of the body of children, adolescents. Lack of activity has a bad effect on a large number of functions of a growing organism, including the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
With all kinds of malfunctions of the regime and overfatigue, insomnia may appear, therefore it is very important to observe the rules of personal and public hygiene. Before sports competitions, sleep disturbance also often occurs, which is associated with excessive worries before the start. Strict observance of all the rules and norms of personal and public hygiene can help get rid of insomnia. You should not drink strong tea or coffee before bedtime, take in the evening for hard mental work, and train for the night. In order to improve the quality of sleep, you need to take a short walk, and then take a cool shower.
Body and oral hygiene
Clean skin is a basic condition for her health. The waste products of the body’s vital products that accumulate on the surface of the skin can lead to a variety of inflammatory processes. Personal hygiene, as part of public hygiene, involves skin care every day. Every morning you need to wash your face with soap or a special cleanser, you also need to wash your hands and neck. The bath should be taken at least once a week, hands should be washed thoroughly with soap after any contact with dirty objects, after visiting the restroom, and especially before eating. For hands it is necessary to have a separate small towel, and it is better to cut nails shortly.
Hair should be cut in time, and should be washed in soft, warm water with special detergents at least once a week. Oily and dry hair needs special care. You also need to pay attention to oral care.
What else is involved in maintaining personal and public cleanliness and hygiene? Proper dental care, which will help maintain their integrity. It will also help prevent many diseases, since diseased teeth can be the focus of infection.
Proper balanced nutrition
If we talk about personal and public hygiene briefly, then the first thing to note is the importance of nutrition. Eating a meal involves a certain regime. Do not eat before exercise. This will lead to poor digestion and assimilation of food. It is also not recommended to eat immediately after class. During this period, the secretion of digestive juices still does not work well, and the appetite has not yet appeared. You need to wait at least 20-30 minutes to create normal conditions for the secretion of gastric juices, and then the food will be easier to digest.
It is very important that animal proteins are present in the daily diet of a person, they should be at least 60% of the total amount of food consumed. No less importance in nutrition should be given to carbohydrates, which are necessary for the proper absorption of consumed fats by the body. Also, carbohydrates are needed to provide the human body with energy, which is important for normal life. Fiber, which is found in large quantities in bread made from wholemeal flour and vegetables, occupies a special place in the diet. Fiber is essential for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
For normal personal and public hygiene of the body, the intake of vitamins is very important. In natural products, they are contained in the form of whole complexes and such vitamins are well absorbed by the body. In the winter-spring period, there are few natural vitamins, so it is recommended to use additional artificial multivitamin preparations.
Hygiene is also needed for clothes and shoes.
This is necessary to regulate heat transfer by the human body. When choosing clothes and shoes, you need to choose quality so that the body temperature does not change, but is constant, that is, you need to constantly maintain the thermal balance of the body.
Properly selected clothes and shoes are personal and public hygiene products that directly affect a person’s performance, therefore they must meet established hygiene requirements. Clothing should be chosen light and loose enough so that it does not impede movement, circulation and breathing, and it should also protect against possible injuries.
In any shoes, whether athletic or designed for everyday wear, it is recommended to put another extra insole, which should be removed at night for ventilation. Winter shoes should be chosen so that it fits a warm insole and, if necessary, an extra pair of socks.
Due to frequent use, clothes and shoes deteriorate, this occurs as a result of constant friction, stretching and pollution. This all has a bad effect on breathability and can even lead to the spread of all kinds of infectious diseases. See how important personal and public hygiene is in the photo.
Public hygiene
As the saying goes, the identity of one generates a whole society. Therefore, personal and public hygiene can protect against infectious diseases. The health of citizens can be controlled by the Ministry of Health.
The fact that there is individual self-care is a huge advantage. Any individual adheres to personal hygiene to one degree or another. If this did not happen, society would be enormously painful. Any person takes care of himself, and society only supports, helps the entire population as a whole. Next, the concept of public hygiene, its features and compliance measures will be described in more detail.
Review of personal and public hygiene
Disease prevention is one of the extremely difficult tasks that public health policy solves. For pupils, students, working people carry out a variety of disease prevention, all kinds of programs for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The state must ensure that various diseases cannot develop among the population, due to which a large number of citizens could die before. To date, scientists have invented various antidotes and formed a program according to which vaccines against a variety of viruses should be given at the appointed time.
Sanitary and epidemiological welfare measures
The objective of prevention is the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents. This is the state of the population and their environment, where there is no harmful influence of environmental factors and supported by the appropriate requirement of their life.
The sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents is guaranteed through the following personal and public hygiene measures.
- Disease prevention in accordance with the sanitary-epidemiological situation and monitoring of its changes (the sanitary-epidemiological situation is the state of well-being of residents and the environment in a particular area at a directly prescribed time).
- Research and implementation of federal targeted projects for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents, and in addition, regional targeted projects.
- Implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures of coordination, managerial, engineering and industrial, medical, sanitary, veterinary and other measures aimed at preventing or reducing the harmful effects of environmental conditions on a person, eliminating the appearance and spread of infectious diseases and numerous non-infectious ailments (intestinal infections) and their elimination.
- Government sanitary and epidemiological surveillance (work according to the prevention, detection, suppression of pathologies of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of providing sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents in order to protect the well-being of citizens and the environment).
- Government sanitary and epidemiological regulation.
- Certification of products, works and services that are a possible threat to humans.
- Licensing types of activities that are a likely threat to an individual.
- National registration of potentially unsafe chemical and bioelements, certain types of product, radioactive elements, production and consumption residues, and also, for the first time, certain types of products imported into the zone of the Russian Federation.
- Fulfillment of a socio-hygienic forecast (a nationwide concept of research on the well-being of residents and the environment, their analysis, assessment and monitoring, and, moreover, the establishment of causal relationships between the health status of residents and the influence of environmental conditions).
- Academic studies in the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents.
- Measures to promptly inform residents about the occurrence of infectious diseases, numerous noncommunicable diseases (intestinal infections), the presence of the habitat and ongoing sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures.
- Measures for hygienic education and training of residents and promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
- Measures to hold accountable for non-compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of providing sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents.
When addressing the issues of achieving sanitary and epidemiological welfare by residents in the state, it is more important to acquire the degree of sanitary and epidemiological security of the development of the country and its individual territories. Only according to the implementation of various recommendations, the residents on whom the welfare of the state depends will be healthy.
The direct responsibilities of residents to provide sanitary and epidemiological welfare
In order to provide sanitary and epidemiological welfare, sanitary law establishes the direct responsibilities of individual businessmen, legal entities and residents in general. However, in order for all people to be protected without exception, everyone must fulfill their various direct duties.
- To implement the conditions of sanitary legislation, and in addition, orders, regulations and sanitary and epidemiological decisions that carry out government sanitary and epidemiological control of officials.
- Create and implement sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures.
- To guarantee the protection for human health of the work performed and the services provided, and in addition, products of the industrial and technological direction, food products and products for individual and domestic needs during their manufacture, transportation, preservation, sale to the public.
- To implement industrial supervision, including through laboratory studies and testing, due to compliance with sanitary laws and sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures in the performance of work and the provision of services, and in addition, in the production, transportation, preservation and sale of products.
- Carry out work and technological processes in accordance with human safety, which is regulated by normative acts and security criteria in relation to environmental conditions and production.
- Timely inform the population, regional self-government apparatuses, apparatuses and institutions of the national sanitary-epidemiological service of the Russian Federation about emergency situations, stops of any production, about pathologies of scientific and technical processes that threaten the sanitary-epidemiological welfare of residents.
- Have officially published sanitary principles, methods and technologies for monitoring environmental conditions.
- Implement hygienic environmental training.
A variety of regional and federal events for the population
The formation of the national sanitary-epidemiological service of the Russian Federation is closely associated with socio-political and financial transformations in society. The country's attitude to the well-being of the nation constantly determined the degree of healthcare and preventive medicine. Therefore, it is very important for everyone to observe the rules of personal and public hygiene.
However, the main importance and the base of the sanitary and epidemiological service consisted constantly of its employees - doctors and paramedics, who always enthusiastically and dedicatedly carried out their own work aimed at preventing diseases, with attention to people, forgetting about personal problems and difficulties. They constantly remember what doctors said in the 19th century: “To cure a person of a serious illness is a great problem, but not to let a person get sick - this problem is even more magnificent, but not so noticeable, it does not bring visible gratitude to the doctor.”
In our country, areas such as the social and hygienic forecast, the prevention of iodine deficiency diseases or ailments due to a lack of other trace elements, the concept of assessing the risks of well-being, hygienic distribution and medical-ecological zoning of the area according to the state of well-being of residents taking into account a single anthropogenic load, forecasting are successfully developing in our country state of well-being of citizens and the sanitary-epidemiological situation, substantiation of the priority measures for the adoption of the administrator active conclusions on its stabilization and improvement. All this without exception is carried out in various companies and organizations so that employees, students, retirees are healthy and protected. This work is monitored by experts from the Ministry of Health.
This is a variety of works on the implementation of federal and regional projects aimed at providing sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents and, first of all, providing citizens with high-quality drinking water, improving the quality and security of food products, overcoming the lack of micronutrients, and implementing measures to combat alcoholism and smoking.
Public Hygiene Standards
What is it and what are they? The hygienic standard is the possible highest (or smallest) numerical and high-quality value of an indicator determined by developments that determines this or another environmental factor from the standpoint of its protection and safety for humans. These standards affect the stages of personal and public hygiene.
MPC is the maximum concentration, which, when influenced by a person during the course of his whole life, does not directly or indirectly cause deviations in the state of the body that go beyond the boundaries of adaptive physiological interactions, shown by advanced research methods instantly or in the long life of the current and next generations, and also in no way does not exacerbate the conditions of existence and work.
База работы госсанэпидслужбы - это государственные санитарно-эпидемиологические принципы и нормативы, то есть законодательные акты, устанавливающие санитарно-эпидемиологические условия (в том числе аспекты защищенности и безвредности условий среды обитания для человека, гигиеничные и другие нормативы), нарушение каковых формирует опасность существования либо самочувствия человека, а кроме того, опасность появления и распространения болезней. То, что в стране имеются госсанэпидслужбы, является огромным преимуществом, так как у них имеются разнообразные нормативы и принципы, согласно которым они судят, грамотно ли то или иное предприятие (организация) проводит свою работу, и как эта деятельность отображается на сотрудниках, учащихся и близживущих гражданах, не воздействует ли работа негативно на среду обитания, жизнедеятельность человека.
