Everything depends on the weather. First of all, when starting to work, most services request a weather forecast. The life of our planet, a separate state, city, companies, enterprises and every person depends on the weather. Moving, flights, the work of transport and utilities, agriculture and everything in our life is directly dependent on weather conditions. A high-quality weather forecast cannot be compiled without the readings collected by the weather station.
What is a weather station?
It is difficult to imagine a modern state without a special meteorological service, which includes a network of weather stations that conduct observations, on the basis of which a short-term or weather forecast for a long period of time is made. Almost all points of the planet have meteorological stations that conduct observations that collect data used in meteorological forecasts.
A weather station is an institution that performs certain measurements of atmospheric phenomena and processes. To be measured:
- weather properties such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, cloudiness, precipitation;
- weather phenomena such as snowfall, thunderstorm, rainbow, calm, fog and others.
In Russia, as in other countries, there is an extensive network of meteorological stations and posts distributed throughout the country. Certain observations are carried out by observatories. Each meteorological station without fail has a special platform where instruments and tools for measuring are installed, as well as a special room for recording and processing readings.
Instruments for meteorological measurements
All measurements are taken daily and meteorological measuring instruments and instruments are used. What functions are performed by them? First of all, the following tools are used at meteorological stations:
- Well-known thermometers are used to measure temperature. They come in several forms: for determining air temperature and soil temperature.
- A barometer is required to measure atmospheric pressure.
- An important indicator is air humidity, measured by a hygrometer. The simplest meteorological station monitors air humidity.
- An anemorumbometer, in other words a weather vane, is needed to measure the direction and speed of the wind.
- The amount of precipitation is measured by a precipitation meter.
Devices used at weather stations
Some measurements must be carried out continuously. To do this, use the readings of devices. All of them are recorded and entered in special magazines, after which the information is transferred to the Roshydromet.
- A thermograph is used to continuously record air temperature.
- With continuous joint recording of temperature and humidity readings, a psychrometer is used.
- Humidity is continuously recorded by a hygrometer.
- Barometric changes and readings are recorded by the barographer.
There is also a number of devices that measure specific indicators, such as the lower limit of clouds, the level of evaporation, the indicator of sunshine and much more.
Types of weather stations
The main number of meteorological stations belongs to Roshydromet. But there are a number of departments whose activities are directly dependent on the weather. These are maritime, aviation, agricultural and other departments. As a rule, they have their own weather stations.
Weather stations in Russia are divided into three categories. The third category are stations whose work is carried out according to an abbreviated program. The second category station collects, processes and transmits data. Stations of the first category, in addition to all of the above, have the function of managing work.
Where are weather stations located?
Weather stations are located throughout Russia. As a rule, they are located at a distance from large cities in desert, mountain, forest areas, where the distance from the weather station to settlements is large.
If the area is remote and deserted, then the station workers go there on long trips for the whole season. It is difficult to work here, since it is, for the most part, the north of Russia, impassable mountains, deserts, the Far East. Living conditions are not always suitable for family living. Therefore, workers have to live away from people for many months. According to the location of the weather station there are: hydrological, aerometeorological, forest, lake, swamp, transport and others. Let's consider some of them.
Forest
For the most part, forest weather stations are designed to prevent forest fires. Located in the forest, they collect not only traditional weather observations, but also these weather stations monitor the humidity of trees and soil, the temperature component at different levels of forests. All data is processed, and a special map is modeled indicating the most fire hazardous areas.
