The city of Voronezh is located in the middle zone of the Russian Federation. It is based on the banks of the river of the same name. It borders on the waters of the Don. It is the administrative center of the Voronezh region. The city is separated from the capital by just over 500 km.
Population history
On the territory of the city several decades ago, archaeologists found numerous evidence that in ancient times tribes of the Abashev culture lived here. The first people in this region appeared in the Paleolithic period about 42 thousand years ago. Then the population of Voronezh was represented by Cro-Magnons. They mainly lived in the area of the modern Don.
The first village recorded in historical documents was called Kostenki. It was in close proximity to the current center of Voronezh. In the 7th century BC e. Scythian tribes lived in the steppe area. After several centuries, they occupied the entire territory of the modern city and its outskirts. The greatest accumulation of Scythians was noted in the so-called Left Bank region.
In the 4th century AD e. Don steppes were raided by the Huns. For a long time, various nomadic tribes lived here alternately. In the 7th century, the Don territory was attributed to the Khazar Kaganate. Only fifty years later, the Slavs began to appear on the plains. At that time, according to the chronicles, the population in Voronezh was only about a thousand. Most of the inhabitants of the community were adherents of the Romance-Borshev culture.
In the 8th century, the Pechenegs began to settle in the steppes, and Polovtsy followed. Voronezh region has long been independent. However, during the period of fragmentation, the region became part of the Ryazan principality. In the 13th century, a bloody battle of the Russian squad with the army of Batu unfolded near the walls of the city. At the end of the fighting, it was decided to erect a stone fortress, but it did not exist intact for long. In 1590, the Circassians set fire to it, and with it the whole city was destroyed. As a result of the raids, many residents of the surrounding area left their homes. How much was the population of Voronezh at that time? By the beginning of the 17th century, the number did not exceed 7 thousand people.
During the Second World War, the city was partially occupied by the Germans. Today it is considered one of the fastest growing economic centers of Russia with a million people.
Description of the region
Voronezh is located at the confluence of the Don plain and the Central Russian Upland. A significant part of the area is occupied by the forest-steppe. Two large rivers flow through the city - Voronezh and Don.
Geographical time zone is UTC +3: 00. By international standards, the region is located in the MSK time zone, that is, on a par with Moscow.
The climate in the region is moderate. Winters are mostly frosty, but not the same as in the capital. Snow cover is stable for half a season. Often frosts occur with the beginning of November. In December, thaws occur quite often, which are accompanied by rains. The average temperature in winter is about -10 degrees. As for the summer season, it is hot and arid. The rainy season begins only in autumn. In the spring there is a long ice drift.
Thanks to the mild climate, dozens of parks and squares adorn the city. Local arboretum is popular with residents and tourists.
Religion and Culture of the People
The population of Voronezh is 98% Orthodox. The local diocese has existed for about four centuries. Her original goal was to fight dissenters. The first head of the church at the end of the 17th century was Bishop Mitrofan. Under him, the shrine achieved unprecedented heights: not only the cathedral was built, but many other temples.
Today, several Orthodox churches operate in the city. Among other shrines, Old Believer and Baptist churches, the Jewish community, Lutheran and Catholic parishes, etc. can be noted.
Modern Voronezh is considered the cultural center of the entire region. Here, not only theatrical art, but alternative youth directions are rapidly developing. The city has dozens of museums and galleries, several cinemas, a circus and a philharmonic society. All-Russian and international festivals and forums are held annually. The formation of the younger generation is monitored by 6 state universities.
In addition, in 2018, the city received the right to host the World Cup Champions.
Administrative division
The urban district is represented by a municipality, which includes several districts. The population of Voronezh is distributed geographically evenly across regions. The total area of all municipalities is about 590 square meters. km
Voronezh is divided into 6 districts: Zheleznodorozhny, Left-Bank, Kominternovsky, Soviet, Central and Leninsky. The first two administrative municipalities are located on the left bank of the city reservoir, the other four on the right. The microdistrict is considered to be Leninsky. The largest in area and economic importance is Zheleznodorozhny.
Each of the regions is subordinate to its territorial authorities. The head of the city governs all six municipalities. In turn, numerous villages and farms are assigned to administrative regions, such as Somovo, Pridonskaya, Shilovo, Pervaya Maya, Nikolskoye, Maslovka, etc. In the near future, these settlements will be merged into microdistricts.
Social and national structure
The population of Voronezh is mostly employed in the industrial sector. Popularity among local residents to this industry was noted a hundred years ago. In 1913, about 20% of the population worked in the industrial sector. In Soviet times, the share of employees exceeded 60%. Nevertheless, by the 1970s, the working class began to dominate. Today in the city a significant part of the population is involved in private firms and large industries. Unemployment ranges from a few percent.
From the very beginning, the population of Voronezh was a multinational society. As a result of the All-Russian census, there were more than 877 thousand people in the city. Most of them turned out to be Russian (93.9%). Next in the list are Ukrainians, Armenians and Azerbaijanis. Today, dozens of different nations live in the region.
The number of Voronezh
In the middle of the 17th century, the population of the city was only about 2 thousand people. The reason for such low demographic indicators were constant raids by nomadic peoples. The outskirts of the city were burned, and the princes could not provide their peasants with even fertile land.
The revival of the district by historians is celebrated at the end of the 18th century. At that time, the number of inhabitants increased sharply. Voronezh, whose population was 13 thousand people, began to develop rapidly in economic terms. By the middle of the 19th century, large plants and factories began to appear here, shipbuilding was developing. In 1840, the municipal demographic population (the population of Voronezh) was equal to 44 thousand people.
The rapid growth of demography and migration has been observed since the mid-1920s. In 2009, a record birth rate was recorded - about 10 thousand children. After 3 years, the millionth resident of the city was born.
Currently, there is a moderate regional abundance. The population of Voronezh for 2015 is 1.023 million people. Demographic growth has been observed over the past 7 years.
Number of districts
The largest population of the city of Voronezh is represented in the Comintern region. There the population is more than 273 thousand inhabitants. In turn, the minimum indicators have been observed for several years in the Central region - less than 80 thousand people.
Every year Voronezh is being transformed by new buildings and houses, so young families from different parts of Russia regularly come here. The highest rates of population growth are presented in areas such as Zheleznodorozhny and Left Bank.
