The birthplace of a new mode of transport was London. It was this city that introduced the basic rules of use. The metro that we see today began its history back in 1850.
From problem to idea
In the middle of the 19th century, the problem of passenger movement appeared in the capital of Great Britain. By that time, the number of inhabitants reached two million and an almost critical transportation situation arose. It was necessary to quickly and conveniently get to work for those people who lived outside the city and in its remote areas.
At that time, the railway developed especially successfully. At the disposal of the Londoners there were 6 stations that were on the outskirts. There was one station in the center. But this amount was not enough for comfortable movement. It was forbidden to build many railways in the streets of the capital. This could disrupt historically important architecture and aesthetic appeal. This has led to the fact that an endless stream of carriages and stagecoaches has caused traffic jams in the most popular areas.
Plan to reality
The problem was resolved in 1863. It was then that the subway appeared. January 10 launched the first line. Its length was 6 kilometers. It was a breakthrough in the field of transportation - a new world where its own rules of use existed. The subway quickly became very popular.
An engineer from France, Mark Bruyneel, invented the tunnel shield in 1818. With his help, a tunnel was laid under the river Thames. The idea of this invention and launched the underground transportation.
For a long time the construction was postponed. During the construction of the lines, several houses were demolished. On the streets where the work took place, traffic stopped.
The project was entrusted to Metropolitan Railways, whose name translates as “Metropolitan Railways”. It is this name that is used today in many countries of the world to designate this type of transport. Interestingly, the British themselves called the metro the word “underground”. In colloquial speech often use the word "tube", that is, "pipe".
The London Underground started from seven stations. Trains moved on a locomotive. Ventilation was bad then. Therefore, smoke settled in the cars, soot filled the tunnels. Chad dimmed the pale lighting. But this did not stop the working class from visiting the subway.
Spread around the world
Nevertheless, the plan was justified. Such vehicles moved faster than carriages and without traffic jams. Already in the first year, the train transported 9.5 million people. Further, this figure only increased. Subsequently, the mode of operation, the price of tickets and the general rules for using the subway changed.
The idea of London was adopted by many other megacities. In 1868, the subway was opened in New York. Next, Chicago took the initiative. Europe did not lag behind. After the British capital, the road for such a train was made in Budapest, Paris and Berlin.
Convenient and fast transport appeared on the territory of the USSR in 1935. The honor to open the first metro fell to Moscow. Further underground tracks were laid in Leningrad, Kiev and ten other large cities. The Soviet government gave permission for construction only at those points where the construction was economically viable. Usually these are cities with more than 1 million inhabitants.
The word "subway" was coined by the writer Maxim Gorky. This name appeared several times in one of his works. The simple and easy designation of the subway fell in love with the citizens of the USSR. Use it and contemporaries.
Definition of the term
In general, this transport has the same rules for use. The subway is usually an underground tunnel. Parameters and dimensions in different countries are different. The main features of the system are the following factors: the use of electric traction, a stable schedule, speed and a large number of passengers. The length of the lines also fluctuates. For example, in Israel, the path is 2 km, while in New York the mileage is 1300.
Despite the fact that the metro in its essence is very similar to a train, it is a completely different type of transport where its laws apply. Many of them have a logical explanation and an interesting story. Most of the requirements were invented and implemented in the homeland of tunnels - in London.
Basic laws
There are standard terms of use. The subway can be dangerous for passengers if they are not respected. It is forbidden to go beyond the yellow line. It is with non-compliance with this rule that most accidents are associated. Often this violation occurs intentionally, with the aim of suicide. The edge of the platform, surrounded by yellow paint, can be crossed only after the train stops completely.
When the doors open, it is worth letting passengers who have arrived leave, and only after that enter the carriage. In transport it is forbidden to cling to the exit. You should move further from the door so as not to disturb other people. For your own safety, hold onto the handrails.
You need to prepare for your stop in advance, and not after the announcement. It is better to pack things and move toward the center slowly, rather than in a bustle.
General behavior
The rules for using the metro of Moscow, St. Petersburg or another city are always the same. The passenger must be polite and friendly. It is worth giving way to older people, physically unhealthy people, expectant mothers and women with children. Any damage or unusual situations that could harm the lives of passengers should be reported to the driver.
There is no need to create situations that could prevent other passengers from moving freely. Another item prohibits being at the station barefoot.
The car should be kept in order and behave politely and decently. For everyone there are the same rules for using the subway: Minsk, Moscow or Kiev, it doesn’t matter. Passengers are not allowed to appear intoxicated or intoxicated. Do not drink alcohol in the subway.
It is worth monitoring your appearance. In clothes and with luggage, which can stain people in the neighborhood and the premises, it is not allowed to enter.
There is a severe ban on smoking in public transport. So one cigarette butt in November 1987 caused a large-scale fire at one of the underground stations in London. He claimed the lives of 31 people.
Personal items
For the comfort of users, there are some restrictions on the dimensions of luggage. Large bags will not only interfere with other passengers, but will also become a problem for you. However, the administration allows the transport of bicycles that are folding. Free entry with a pram and wheelchair.
The rules for using the metro of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara and other cities allow you to transport pets if they are in special containers or bags. Guide dogs also have privileges if there is a muzzle, a leash and a special sign on them.
In the subway, you can transport musical instruments, skis, sledges, strollers, garden tools, fishing equipment in the event that their dimensions do not exceed the norms established for this train. Here, customers should remember that such baggage can cause injury to themselves and their neighbors.
The basis of overall comfort
Safety of movement is highly dependent on the passengers themselves. World standards slightly differ from domestic ones. There are unique rules for using the Moscow Metro (as well as the metro of other cities). It is forbidden to enter the carriageway. You can not put or throw on some ruts. They can cause damage to the car.
Do not interfere in the process of opening and closing doors. If the passenger has noticed these and other illegal actions, he is obliged to report a violation of the administration. Unnecessarily, do not bother management.
Do not paste advertisements on the walls of cars. It is forbidden to trade and other entrepreneurial activities in the metro without the corresponding documents.
Take care not only about your comfort, but also about the peace of other people. Do not listen to music without headphones. If you are with luggage, then place it so that it does not interfere with the movement of other passengers. Do not put the bag in a place near you and where another person can sit.
Under control
Violation by the passenger of the rules for using the subway is strictly punishable by law. Each of the introduced norms is aimed at ensuring the safety of citizens themselves.
Clients are not allowed to enter rooms on their own that are exclusively for staff. Also, at certain stations or in the subway, video and photography may be prohibited altogether. People should also keep in mind that for security reasons they can be monitored by hidden and open cameras around the clock.
Also at individual stations there are no garbage bins. This is a deliberate action that prevents terrorist acts. If you notice a bag or box in the carriage or on the floor of the station, and the owner is not nearby, this should be reported to law enforcement.
Mode of operation
Typically, such vehicles operate from early morning until late at night. Currently, the basic rules of use. The St. Petersburg metro can be used from 5.45 to 0.10, in the capital it transfers passengers from 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. It closes an hour earlier in Samara. During holidays, the operating mode can be changed. The workers of the structure inform about this in advance.
Travel takes place on a paid basis. The exception is people who have certain benefits. For large bags and oversized luggage, you should pay extra, as for a separate place. Only one extra seat is allowed per passenger. Card and ticket do not allow you to carry things for free. Children under 7 years old can travel without a ticket.
For the convenience of passengers today, they have a stop for cars. The rules for using the intercepting parking at the metro station must be known to motorists.
Code of Conduct
There are certain conditions for using escalators. You need to stand on the canvas face in the direction of movement of the tape. When transporting, hold onto the handrail. When the track ends, you need to quickly get off the platform so as not to disturb the people who are behind you.
When the flow of customers is large, get on the escalator with the specified administration of the party. Young children require special attention. During transportation, their hand should not be released. Better to hold the baby in her arms.
Baggage that travels near you should not be left unattended. The bag should not be let out. You need to raise it after the end of the track.
You can not leave your things without control. Neither Moscow, nor Petersburg, nor Samara metro is responsible for their safety. The terms of use note that you should monitor the valuable items that you transport.
