Park zone: landscaping, functions. Park zones of Moscow

A park (park zone) is an inner-city territory where elements of a natural landscape and an engineering and architectural complex are combined. As a rule, such zones are created for recreation of citizens.

Urban park zone must satisfy some requirements. First of all, it is a comfortable ecological situation, favorable conditions for recreation, convenient location, the availability of public catering facilities, a toilet, garbage containers, seating places, etc. Each park is individual and unique.

The level of gardening in different parks varies, but most often makes up 70-80% of green spaces of the total area. Usually special paths are laid there, which are often laid out of crushed stone, brick or slabs. Part of the territory is in the irrigation zone. For the convenience of vacationers, parks are equipped with benches and outdoor lighting.

Since park areas also mean places of production organization, a more accurate definition of a classical park is a recreation and culture park. In total, over 2, 000 culture and recreation parks operate in the country. In the photo, park areas can look completely different.

The role of parks in the life of citizens

Although the cities are adapted for a comfortable life, they are not the best place to maintain mental harmony and physical health. The life of a city dweller is full of stress, fuss, and in addition to this, there are also problems with the environment. Many suffer from a sedentary lifestyle. Creating parks can help partially solve these problems.

The main goal of park zones in the city is to provide leisure and recreation (including active) for a large number of city residents. The most important requirements for them are the availability of places for a relaxing holiday, places for outdoor activities with playgrounds for games and entertainment. An additional attribute of the park can be a monument of architecture or landscape art.

According to statistics, in the parks of culture and rest in the morning, senior citizens prefer to relax. By the end of the day, on the contrary, for the most part are young or middle-aged people who want to take a break from busy work hours. In winter, the main visitors to the park areas are adherents of winter sports.

Parks with an abundance of green spaces favorably affect the nervous system, well-being and mood of vacationers.

The indirect role of park territories is to improve the ecology of the city. They help to cleanse the air and reduce the density of urban buildings.

The main functions of city parks

In addition to the tasks that parks solve, they also have a certain set of functions:

Providing rides that should be accessible to all visitors.
Meeting the needs of people in cultural and leisure services. They should be accessible, including for low-income citizens.
Ensuring the functioning of sports facilities, monitoring their condition, accessibility to the population.
Maintenance of dance floors, discos, dance schools.
The staging of performances, concerts and other similar performances.
Ensuring the functioning of parking lots and parking areas.
Rental of necessary equipment and supplies.
The provision of trade services for the sale of ice cream, drinks, cotton candy, etc.

What is necessary for the organization of the park

Russian law provides for a number of requirements for the organization and operation of parks:

For the operation of the facility requires permission of the State Technical Supervision.
Before starting work, all garbage formed on the territory should be removed by 9:00. There should also be no other foreign objects.
In winter, regular cleaning of roads and tracks from snow and ice is necessary.
The level of illumination of the recreation area in the dark during the hours of the park should be at least 100 lux.
The minimum number of seats for 200 m2 ^of territory is 5 units.
The minimum number of ballot boxes per 100 m ^{2 of the} territory is 1 unit.
Each attraction should have a medical kit for first aid to the victim. It should be in the controller's booth.
Park staff must answer all important questions from visitors.
On the territory of the park zone you cannot walk dogs. It is also forbidden to burn bonfires, smoke, drink alcohol (including beer), ride a bicycle outside special tracks.

Beautification

Due to the unfavorable ecological situation and the growth of cities, park zones are given a lot of attention. Now the main direction of improvement of new or existing parks is to create an environment that contrasts with the surrounding city. They try to make planting of trees, flowers, shrubs, the creation of ponds and fountains, flowerbeds and lawns as harmonious as possible, giving the opportunity for a relaxing holiday from the city bustle. Thus, the improvement of the park area is of paramount importance.

Previously, the contrast effect, of course, was not as large as it is now. Indeed, in recent years, the number of green spaces has declined sharply. This is due to the increase in the number of cars, the compaction of buildings, the lack of good planning at the district level, the fear of strong winds and falling trees, as well as the low ecological culture of the population. As a result, the cities were deforested, became bare and dull. And now the relevance of the creation and improvement of park areas is especially great. Unfortunately, mass development often prevents the appearance of parks and may even lead to a reduction in existing ones.

How parks are designed

Even the most primitive park area usually provides, in addition to tree planting, also other landscape events. In some parks, emphasis is placed on preserving (or imparting) the natural appearance of the environment and such recreation areas are usually called forest parks. However, the territory is more often cultivated, that is, it gives it an urban look. Lawns are planted, old trees, thickets are removed, alleys are created, benches are set up, lighting is carried out. Most often they try to plant large and medium-sized trees that give shade and freshness, contribute to the fight against air pollution.

When designing and building park areas, landscape designers can be involved.

Types of parks

By the type of design of the park zone, all parks are divided into several varieties, although combined options are possible:

Actually a recreation park. The most important in it are green spaces. In such places you can just relax, but there are also entertainment facilities.
Amusement park. In addition to greenery, in such park areas there are many carousels (i.e. attractions). Some of them are intended mainly for children, others for teenagers or adults. A common attribute is a high ferris wheel.
Botanical park. A distinctive feature of such recreation areas is a large number of exotic plants. It is also a testing ground for research.
Exhibition Parks. In such park zones, greenery is significantly less, and a significant part of the territory is occupied by demonstration pavilions.
Forest park areas. Their distinctive feature is a lower level of grooming and the predominance of natural green spaces. Such parks are often created on the site of existing natural forests. There are few different buildings. The area is quite significant. Old cemeteries may have similar characteristics. Gradually overgrowing with forest, they also turn into natural green zones, sharply contrasting with the surrounding urban environment. All such places are characterized by peace and quiet. That is what the big cities lack so much.
Coastal recreation areas. These are also natural places, but the main thing in them is the opportunity to relax (and sometimes go fishing) on the shore of a reservoir. There are natural green spaces, planting, infrastructure. Some have historical sites.
Garden and park areas are more characteristic of rural areas. They combine elements of park design and planting of cultivated plants, including fruit ones.

Park zones of Moscow

Moscow is one of the most comfortable and richest cities in Russia. The creation of park and green areas is given great attention. The huge area of the city and heavy pollution require as much greenery as possible. In Moscow there are parks of all types, each of which has its own personality. Below we consider the most popular and largest parks of the capital.

Park of culture to them. Gorky

This park recreation area is considered the main recreation area of the Russian capital. It does not differ in a large amount of greenery, but has a significant area and a large number of different establishments. Every day he receives a huge number of people. This park was founded in 1928, and was reconstructed in 2011. There are many attractions, there are bike paths, Internet access, charging for telephones, a mother and child’s room, summer cinema, ponds, fountains, landscaped lawns, etc. Various events, festivals, exhibitions are held. There is a place for yoga in the open.

Gorky Park is open 24 hours a day, and admission is free. It is located at: st. Krymsky Val, 9 at the station metro station "October".

Park "Museon"

This resting place is located opposite Gorky Park, on the opposite side of Krymsky Val Street. The park has a cultural focus. Here you can see over 1000 cultural exhibits. They are mainly located in the open. There are also a large number of fountains. Other cultural objects include a summer cinema, an artist’s house, and the School pavilion. Cultural events are held.

The park is located at: st. Crimean shaft, 2, at the station. metro station "October".

Boring Garden

This park is also located next to Gorky Park and is even considered an integral part of it. It is located on the right bank of the Moscow River. Historical design is combined with tree planting. It is considered one of the oldest in the city and is under state protection. The park has playgrounds, a football field, a cafe. There is a hunting lodge of the 18th century, from where the broadcast of the game “What? Where? When?"

The address of this institution is st. Leninsky Prospekt, 30, Art. metro station "Leninsky Prospekt".

Izmailovsky park

This is the largest park in Moscow. One part is devoted to attractions and restaurants, and the other is a natural forest, where pines, birches grow, there are glades and ponds. In the ponds you can ride boats and other swimming facilities. The park has everything you need for relaxation: long alleys with entertainment, a skate park, 2 Ferris wheels, a children's town, dance floor, sports ground, bike paths and other attributes. The address of this object: Avenue of the Big Circle, 7, Art. Izmailovskaya metro station.

Victory Park

This place is suitable for those who like to fry in the sun. There is almost no greenery here, and the park itself is dedicated to victory in the Great Patriotic War. Nearby are the skyscrapers of a new district called Moscow City. Many fountains, alleys. The main object is the Museum of the Great Patriotic War.

This place is located at: st. Brothers Fonchenko, 7, Art. Metro Park Victory.