National security issues are priority in the implementation of the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation. Therefore, much attention is paid to them. Economic security is the foundation of national security. She provides her with material facilities. The essence of economic security, its main factors will be considered below.
General definition
The concept and essence of economic security should be considered from the point of view of its place in the general system of protective measures of the state, which are taken in order to minimize negative external influences. This branch of national security provides its material base, independence. It also provides an opportunity for the state to pursue a free economic policy, forming the basis for its uniform development in the future. Economic security is necessary to ensure socio-economic growth.
Since the issues of global economic integration have recently become relevant, the Government’s activity in the direction of protecting its own economic system is a priority.
National security includes, in addition to protecting economic interests, defense, environmental, information policy and so on. This allows us to ensure a state of the national economy that can stimulate uniform, continuous development.
The essence of the country's economic security is to create conditions in which industries such as financial and socio-political can work stably. This will stimulate the development of defense. A well-planned policy regarding the protection of national economic interests characterizes the activities of the government as effective. This allows you to protect the interests of the country both in the domestic and foreign markets.
Since economic security interacts with other areas of national security, it must be considered as a complex phenomenon. This is the state of the socio-economic sphere in which material production is developing steadily, providing influence on the internal and external fulfillment of the country's interests. Economic security is ensured by the degree of development of production, as well as the high development of the social sphere, the level of scientific and technical progress.
Objects and Subjects
Considering the concept and essence of economic security of an enterprise, industry and country, it should be noted that they are interconnected. Microlevels provide conditions for the development of macrolevels. Moreover, the situation in the sphere of international relations of the state affects the development of its industries, individual enterprises, etc.
Objects of economic security are specific. This is the whole system of trade relations in the complex. They form the essence of economic security. Also, its elements are considered objects. These may be the following categories:
- production, non-production assets;
- natural resources;
- financial resources;
- the property;
- business structures;
- households;
- each individual person;
- other things.
The subjects of the country's economic security are the state and its institutions of power, as well as legislative structures, departments, institutions.
Material base
Considering the essence and content of economic security, it is necessary to determine what is included in the material base of this concept. Its components are the correct formation of production forces, which guarantees a gradual capacity building, a high level of development of the social sphere, and living standards. Also, the material basis is independence in decision-making by the state, as well as effective management of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Principles
There are certain factors of economic security. The essence of this concept is based on the main components that form the national strategy of the state in the context of trade and financial relations. The main factors that influence the country's security in this aspect are the independence of the economy, its stability and sustainable growth rates. These are prerequisites that ensure the normal functioning of the entire system.
The national economy is becoming increasingly involved in global processes. Interacting with other countries, the independence of the national economy may decline. Therefore, this factor is relative. However, the governing bodies strive to achieve, although not absolute autonomy, but its acceptable level. This position allows you to occupy competitive positions in the world market, to gain access to favorable conditions for the development of the country's national economy.
Stability of the economy is crucial for protecting national interests. In this state, the internal situation is developing at a steady pace. At the same time, there are no serious shocks, the influence of criminal structures is excluded. Stability is expressed in ensuring security for every citizen of a country, household, enterprise, etc.
Considering the nature and characteristics of the country's economic security, it should be noted such a factor as a steady growth rate. This implies a gradual development of production, an increase in its quantitative and qualitative indicators. The professionalism of employees is increasing, innovations and new technologies are being introduced. Only in this case can a sufficient level of protection be provided for the national economic system.
Conditions and factors
The essence of the economic security of the region, the country as a whole is seen as a process that allows us to provide the necessary conditions for the harmonious development of the national economy. Moreover, all processes in the national economy should proceed correctly, ensuring the reliable functioning of the entire system.
The structural elements of economic security are interconnected. These include material security of production, the composition and condition of the workforce, the size of fixed assets of organizations, as well as their structure (how many new and worn-out equipment are on the balance sheets of enterprises). One of the main structural elements of this system is the development of technologies, innovations, as well as their implementation in the production process. Another important component is the possibility of marketing products in the domestic, foreign markets.
Economic security of the state consists of several components. These include the following components:;
- quantity and type of natural resources;
- geographical location of the country, especially its territory;
- features of public administration, its quality;
- production potential;
- development of the agricultural complex;
- socio-demographic situation in the country and each region.
The states that today lead the world in terms of economic security possess most of these components. Moreover, the constituent systems in these countries are significantly developed. This is the basis of their economic security.
However, it is worth saying that for a high level of security it is not necessary to own all of the listed components. Many developed countries cannot boast of a favorable geographical position or a large reserve of natural resources. Their disadvantage is offset by other factors. So, for example, it can be a high level of production, its quality, the use of innovative technologies. Most developed countries stimulate the growth of not quantitative but qualitative indicators of their economies. This guarantees their protection from external economic negative impacts.
The system of criteria and indicators
The essence of the economic security system is to maintain the required level of development and stability. To assess the level of effectiveness of policies regarding external and internal trade and financial relations, a certain system of indicators is used.
Their calculation allows you to identify negative factors that inhibit development, as well as take action to address them. The most fully reflect the processes occurring in the system, the following indicators:
- resource potential of the country, prospects and opportunities for its development;
- efficient use of resources (capital, labor, etc.), as well as a comparison of this indicator with the level of developed states;
- the level of competitiveness of the national economy;
- the integrity of the economic space, its features;
- independence and sovereignty of the state, its ability to withstand external negative factors;
- social stability, the ability to prevent the development of conflicts between certain national groups.
There are a number of indicators that allow us to assess the level of protection of the national economic system. These include indicators such as inflation, unemployment, quality of life, budget deficits, and economic debt. Also, this category of indicators includes the external and internal debt of the state, the gold and foreign exchange reserve, the shadow economy, and integration into the global economy.
Security measures
Considering the essence of economic security of an enterprise, industry or state as a whole, it is necessary to consider a set of measures that governing bodies are taking to prevent negative trends in the system. After analyzing these indicators, a set of actions is being developed that can reduce the negative impacts at the macro level.
The relevant state authorities daily carry out directed activities to prevent the development of negative trends. They work so that the listed indicators do not cross an acceptable line, after which the situation may become unstable. To do this, a set of actions is being developed that prevents the appearance of internal or external threats to the security system. This procedure includes the following steps:
- forecasting the appearance of possible dangers for the economy, as well as the likelihood of their development;
- the establishment of basic indicators of security in the economic sphere of the country;
- development and adoption of laws that enhance the level of protection in this situation;
- elimination of negative trends within the country's economy.
The essence of economic security is to maintain the required level of development of the country. For this, the correct interaction between different structures, as well as strategic resources, is supported.
Security: Tasks
The essence of the economic security of the state also lies in the fulfillment of certain tasks by the relevant structures. Their implementation allows comprehensive protection of the interests of the state.
To achieve these goals, the Government of the Russian Federation and relevant subordinate bodies solve a number of problems. Forecasting is carried out in the field of the appearance of external and internal threats, the required measures for their influence are developed and carried out. Measures are being taken to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation and its territorial integrity.
A competent, well-thought-out economic policy is also being pursued, which contributes to the welfare of economic entities. The necessary conditions are created for the development of technologies and scientific research. The rights and freedoms, the security of every citizen, business entity are ensured. Conditions are created for the implementation of legal norms. Work is underway to strengthen the effectiveness of the state apparatus.
An important task facing public authorities is maintaining a balance in the field of interethnic relations.
Work is underway to form mutually beneficial relations with other countries of the world. Funds are being created to create and strengthen the military potential and environmental situation in the country. Also, actions are being taken to protect the interests of domestic producers in the domestic and foreign markets. At the same time, the activities of foreign companies that are conducted on the territory of the Russian Federation are subject to regulation.
Internal threats
Considering the essence of ensuring economic security, a number of its threats should be noted. These are the processes, phenomena that negatively affect the state of security of the Russian Federation. They can be external and internal. The first group of threats includes:
- Strengthening the degree of stratification of the property status of society. So, the level of security can vary many times. This leads to disharmony in the social sphere.
- Increasing the level of criminalization of the economy and society as a whole. So, according to experts, the scale of the shadow economy is 25-40% of total GDP.
- Creating adverse conditions for the development of scientific and technical progress. Financing of the scientific complex in the Russian Federation is significantly inferior to developed countries.
Threats can be external. A set of measures can reduce negative trends.
