Gross harvest of crops is the total volume of harvested agricultural products, which can be calculated for one specific crop or for a specific group of crops. The term has been used since 1954. Measure units are natural units. A synonym for this concept is gross agricultural output.
Gross harvest of crops is one of the types of gross harvest of crops. It directly depends on the crop, being, in fact, its equivalent.
What are crops?
Cereals are one of the most important types of crops for humans. They play a major role in providing humanity with food, and the areas they occupy are maximum in comparison with those of other groups of agricultural crops. In addition to food products, alcohol and other organic substances are produced from grain, including those going to the production of biofuels. The third purpose of cereals is the production of pet food.
All crops are divided into bread and legumes. The first belong to the family of cereals and include species such as wheat, rice, oats, corn, rye, millet and other cultures less known in our country. An exception is buckwheat, which belongs to the buckwheat family.
Legumes belong to the botanical family legumes. In some cases, cereals are only cereals. The main types of crops are wheat, rice, barley, oats, corn and buckwheat.
The main grain exporting countries are the USA, Russia, Argentina, the European Union, Canada, Australia. They account for over 85% of the total world grain exports. The main countries consuming grain are China, Turkey, Japan and Saudi Arabia. Given the agricultural potential of China, it could be an important exporter of various agricultural products, but due to the high population it is forced to, on the contrary, purchase it.
Corn, wheat and rice add up to 43 percent of the world's total calories.
Gross grain harvest and harvest
A grain crop is the total volume (or mass) of grain ripened in the fields. Except for losses during harvesting, the gross harvest of grain is equal to the crop. Under adverse weather conditions, due to large losses, it can turn out to be significantly less than the yield. However, the calculation of the yield is carried out precisely on the gross yield. So how to count the lost grain is quite difficult. When they say that such and such a crop has been harvested, it means the gross harvest.
What is yield?
Crop yield is understood as the mass (or volume) of ripened grain per unit area (usually 1 ha) of agricultural land. There are several types of productivity:
- Planned yield is the average amount of grain production that can be obtained from 1 hectare in the current conditions.
- Potential yield is the maximum amount of grain that can be obtained from one hectare under favorable conditions.
- The expected yield is a rough estimate of the future crop (gross harvest) collected from 1 ha of cultivated area.
- Actual yield is the average weight (volume) of grain obtained from 1 ha of sown area.
- The yield on the vine is the whole mass of grain grown on one hectare of sown area. It is determined by collecting all grain from a certain area before harvesting or by other methods. Allows you to estimate the amount of losses that occur during harvesting.
Harvesting means the totality of agricultural work to remove ripened grain from agricultural fields. It belongs to the final stage of cultivation. Over time, the degree of mechanization during harvesting increases.
The dynamics of the collection and yield of grain over the past 100 years
Productivity and total gross harvest of crops in Russia are not changing exactly the same. Consider the dynamics in more detail. Before World War II, the yield and gross yield remained unchanged, experiencing only local fluctuations. Then began a rapid rise in both indicators. Since 1970, gross yield has ceased to increase, while productivity has continued to grow, albeit at a slower rate. This indicates the beginning of a reduction in agricultural land.
In the 90s, gross output fell sharply. Productivity has fallen to a lesser extent. In the 2000s, gross yield slightly increased, and did not reach the level of the 70s and 80s, but crop yields increased sharply. Such a picture suggests that in the 90s, the reduction in area was combined with a decrease in yield indicators, which indicates a total decline in agriculture. In the 2000s, the reduction in acreage continued, but a sharp increase in crop yields more than offset this effect.
What wheat harvest is expected in 2018?
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the gross wheat harvest in 2018 will be 64.4 million tons, and the total grain harvest will be 100 million tons. At the same time, due to weather conditions, the total loss of grain mass will be at the level of 30 million tons. Such data was reported by a representative of the ministry to TASS.
