Have you ever wondered why the caps on the handles have openings on top? Or, why are we so tired while traveling by plane, although the whole flight is just sitting and doing nothing? There are so many amazing questions that, in fact, have very specific scientific answers. We will tell you about such things.
1. How can mobile phones make “emergency calls” when there is no network?
The two most annoying things that are frustrating for mobile phone users are “low battery” and “no network”. When you call someone, your call connects through the network coverage area offered by your service provider. When you press the call button, your phone emits a signal that is detected by the nearest network tower. Then the signal is transmitted to the receiver tower, and finally reaches the destination. But have you ever wondered how an emergency call goes even when there is no network?
There is an opinion that emergency calls can take place without a network, but this is not so. SIM cards typically run on a global system for mobile (GSM) technologies. It allows you to use signals from the nearest tower, even if the tower tower belongs to another operator. This mechanism of using tower facilities of another network service provider also allows the user to make emergency calls.
In some countries, including the United States, you can make an emergency call even with a dysfunctional SIM card. This is facilitated by the antennas that are present on your mobile phone. The antenna connects to the nearest tower, and not to your SIM card.
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2. Why does plastic turn white when you bend it?
It is known that many polymers are semi-crystalline (neatly ordered) and amorphous (disordered). When the plastic is bent, the polymer chains begin to rearrange, according to the direction in which it is bent. Polymer chains become closely packed and aligned during reorientation.
When white appears on the top of the plastic, this is a consequence of the elongation of the polymer chain on the top side. If a color change is observed on the reverse side, this is due to lengthening of the chain on the underside. When the process is repeated several times, the plastic breaks due to the repeated voltage induced on the polymer chain.
It is important to test how polymers work under stress in order to produce good quality products.
3. Why does a stain appear in the cup with coffee only at the top?
If you are a coffee lover, you must have noticed that your favorite liquid leaves a round spot on the top of the mug. Why is this happening? Based on a study published in the scientific journal Nature, researchers were able to determine particle motion.
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Particles in coffee move to the perimeter, forming a dense ring around the edge of the liquid. When the coffee evaporates, these particles remain in the same place. The same thing happens when the volume of coffee decreases. In another study, scientists were able to determine that the shape of the coffee particle is spherical. These particles tend to spread easily around the edges compared to other forms.
4. Why do you start to see silhouettes, circles and other obscure things when you rub your eyes for a long time?
Everyone experienced a strange display of fuzzy colors, swirling visual effects and other obscure phenomena when they rubbed their eyes with their hands for a long time. Why is this happening? Scientists have identified this phenomenon as “phosphene”.
The human eyeball is made up of many neurons called “retinal ganglions”. They are responsible for obtaining visual information from the photosensitive photoreceptors of retinal cells. However, the effect may be caused due to pressure on the pupils.
5. Why do holes in the handle caps?
You probably noticed holes in the caps of the pens, which, at first glance, seem useless. Well, or provided that the handle does not dry out. But in fact, the reason is much more logical and thoughtful. If you accidentally swallow a cap, this “hole” will save you from suffocation. According to various sources, caps are considered the most common thing that children swallow (only parts from LEGO, perhaps, can compete).
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6. Why does the water in the waterfall seem white?
We all know that water is colorless, but why does it seem white when it goes over a waterfall? The water that flows in canals and rivers seems cloudy, however, it turns white when the water is aerated when falling from a greater height. The flow of water varies from laminar to turbulent. Turbulent flow is usually fast and heterogeneous.
Water falling from a greater height moves at a very high speed and contains trapped air, which creates bubbles with dissolved oxygen. The rapid movement of water causes dissolved oxygen to evaporate, taking a gaseous form. Thus, these carbonated bubbles make the waterfall white.
7. Why is it so difficult to type or move my fingers quickly when my hands are cold?
Everyone noticed the fact that in cold weather our fingers move slowly. Why is this happening? All physiological and psychological functions in the human body slow down with decreasing temperature. Parts of the body, such as fingers and toes, located on the limbs, usually suffer in the first place.
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The tiny blood vessels in our fingers contract when the temperature drops to keep warm. Due to this narrowing, the nerves in our fingers react more slowly and become numb. Due to the cold, the chemical reactions necessary for contacts also slow down. This feeling of numbness reduces the dexterity of the fingers, which complicates any action.
8. Does the age of donor organs depend on the age of the donors or do they adapt to the age of the new body?
This is a really difficult question, because there are no established age rules that exist for organ donation. During the donation, organs are evaluated for their suitability. Previously it was believed that the success rate depends on the health of the organs, and not on the age of the donor. However, a recent study shows that the age of the donor during transplant is critical and varies for each organ. The human body tends to “attack” the transplanted organ, thinking it is a foreign body. Typically, a patient is placed under the influence of immunosuppressive drugs so that organ rejection does not occur.
During heart transplantation, negative effects are noticed if the age of the donor exceeds 40 years. For the liver - from 30 to 50. Lungs - more than 50 years.
Thus, success does not depend on the age of the donor, but on the age of the recipient. In addition, regardless of the age of the donor, the transplanted organs are usually a little weaker, and proper care must be taken to ensure their survival.
