Before understanding what aspects of speech culture exist, it is necessary to understand what this culture is. The culture of speech is the ability to effectively use the means of language for the most accurate and efficient transfer of your thoughts, subject to the norms of communication.
To put it simply, the culture of speech (K.R.) is nothing more than the ability to speak concisely and accurately, brightly and vividly depending on the situation.
Imagine that a person enters, for example, into the courtroom where the trial is taking place, and turning to the jury, he says: “Hello everyone!” The situation, of course, is absurd.
The culture of speech exists precisely so that a person can choose the right words in the right situation. After all, any word thrown out of place can create a reputation for the speaker as being deprived of a good upbringing of the ignorant, tactless, stupid individual.
K.R. helps to form speech competence, to educate an exemplary highly educated in a linguistic sense personality.
The concept of “speech culture” includes three main aspects: communicative, normative, and ethical. The listed aspects of speech culture allow us to consider it from the point of view of its quality, which ensures the success of communication, correctness, usability, etc. The speech of any educated person should be meaningful, appropriate, intelligible.
The normative aspect of the culture of speech is based on the definition of the concept of “norm” as the leading concept of speech and language culture.
The norm is the complex of the most convenient language tools for the daily maintenance of a particular society. This complex was formed as a result of the selection of lexical, syntactic, morphological, and other elements.
The literary Russian language is based on a literary norm: a set of linguistic phenomena, not just reflected in the speech of its speakers and allowed for use, but fixed in the form of rules.
Considering aspects of the culture of speech, it should be mentioned that the normative aspect is the only one that is subject to codification.
Codification is a reflection of the norm of a language that objectively exists, and therefore is fixed in the form of prescriptions and rules, which are reflected in dictionaries, textbooks, and reference books.
Only the use of language means that is codified and fixed in the rules is considered correct.
The ethical aspect of speech culture implies the ability to choose the right words in a particular situation. This requires knowledge of etiquette, the norms of the culture of behavior, because it is they that are the basis for the correct choice of words. The ethical aspect, in contrast to the normative, is prone to situationality. For example, verbal formulas (farewell, greeting, invitation, etc.), appeal, some other components of speech depend on the participants in communication, their age, nationality, relationships and other factors.
Unfortunately, the ethical component of speech today is far from perfect. The ethical aspect prohibits swearing, talking in a raised tone. The speech of our compatriots is becoming poorer, figurative expressions are being replaced by non-literary vocabulary. Even teenagers, women are scolding. Massive violation of speech etiquette is a sign of a decline in the culture of society.
The communicative aspect of K.R. implies possession of all functional varieties of the language.
An educated person, depending on the situation, should have an expressive colloquial speech, communicate in a scientific or business style, be able to convey his thoughts in an official business language, know and be able to correctly use expressive means of fiction in his own speech.
Aspects of the culture of speech change over time, so the society and the language that serves it change.
