To determine the effectiveness of any enterprise, economic industry, you will need to calculate many indicators. One of them is cargo turnover.
What is freight turnover? And this is the amount of cargo transported in a particular type of transport or at a particular enterprise. The indicator can be calculated within one industry or state.
unit of measurement
The main unit of measure for freight is ton-kilometers. The total tonnage of the performed transportation can be determined simply in tons. Both units are used to determine freight traffic within a country or region. This indicator reflects the development of a country or individual industry, administrative unit.
If the indicator is determined for an individual transport unit or node, then only the total weight in tons or kilograms is calculated for smaller batches.
The mass of transported gas is determined in cubic meters with subsequent conversion to tons.
The volume of cargo is determined by the formula - the amount of cargo for a certain period of time. This indicator reflects the effectiveness of a single transport or checkpoint.
Kinds
What is cargo turnover and its types? Consider this point. Types of cargo are divided by mode of transport. The indicator “reveals” the capabilities of a particular transport industry.
Railway freight turnover. The most accessible and widespread mode of transport in most countries is railway. Despite the economic downturn, even in our country, the laying of railways continues. Railway transport accounts for 4/5 of all transportations in our country.
Water freight turnover. Water transport is the cheapest in any country, but transportation by this transport is possible only if there are rivers and seas. River navigation in most countries is possible only in the summer, especially when it comes to our country. Therefore, in Russia only 15% of all cargo is transported by river transport, and about 7% by river transport.
Turnovers include road transport. Despite the high cost, it is precisely these transportations that provide communication between enterprises within the country, and allow delivery to remote regions. Compared to railway transportation, transporting goods by car is much faster.
Air freight. Perhaps this is the most expensive form of transport, so it is used only when absolutely necessary. Air transport allows you to deliver cargo to places where there are no rail or road lines. Air freight turnover is significant for the Russian Federation, since the country's territory is huge, with the presence of inaccessible regions.
Pipeline Turnover. This type of transport is applicable exclusively for gaseous and liquid cargo. Traditionally, this is gas and oil, also chemicals, ammonia can be transported through pipes. The increase in cargo turnover by this type of transport is determined solely by the installation of new branches.
Port handling
What is cargo handling for a port? This indicator displays the amount of cargo passing through a specific port for a certain period of time.
Cargo turnover is the main indicator reflecting the technical and economic importance of the port infrastructure. The data obtained are used for analysis and further planning of production activities.
The structure of cargo turnover is characterized by:
- by type of cargo;
- in the direction (import and export operations);
- by type of swimming (small and large cabotage, foreign transportation);
- seasonal rates;
- uniformity of receipt and shipment of goods for a certain period of time.
Unlike cargo handling, cargo turnover is always expressed in tons. At the same time, the cargo is taken into account only once, upon the completion of the production process in the port. Cargo processing includes the entire volume of transshipment work and can be expressed not only in tons, but also in ton-operations. Absolutely all transshipment operations are taken into account, even those not related to maritime cargo turnover, for example, storage and transshipment of goods from a port by non-maritime transport. Therefore, it is this indicator that displays the full picture of the production process in the port.
What is cargo turnover and what is not included in it? When determining the indicator, the goods that are to be further shipped by road or other transport, and those that arrived at the port by rail or road, are not taken into account.
