What are fixed assets and how to determine them? One of the conditions is the intended use of the facility for a period exceeding 12 months. And not just its use, but the use of fixed assets for the organization to obtain economic benefits (income). That is, to obtain the expected amount of products, goods (works, services).
How to determine the term in tax accounting, everyone knows - by classification of fixed assets. But to the question of how this period is determined in accounting, many will answer - from technical documentation or according to the same classification. There is no information about the period during which an asset within an OS is ready to bring economic benefits to a single organization in the OS classification and technical documentation.
To recall that such fixed assets and the procedure for determining the useful life of their help PBU. Many are used to determining a term by the classification of fixed assets used for tax purposes. The goal is to make no difference with accounting. But economically, this is not entirely true. And if the organization intends to maintain reliable accounting, then when determining the period of use, consider the following.
Property that does not require installation, and other property intended not for resale, but for use, are recorded on account 08 until the initial cost is fully formed. And only after the value is formed, it is transferred to account 01.
Remember that you can not account for fixed assets in the balance without account 08. Otherwise, the uniformity of accounting will be violated. After all, the accountant needs to determine whether the object is ready for use or not. In addition, the turnover of account 08, the organization can determine the amount of capital investment. This indicator is quite in demand in the financial statements. Determining the amount of capital investment without using account 08 will be much more difficult and more risky in terms of making possible mistakes.
What are fixed assets that were sold after being used in another organization? Real estate is accepted as part of the OS in the same way as other other fixed assets when all four of the mandatory conditions provided for by the PBU are met. It is often said that only after registration of ownership of real estate can it be accepted as fixed assets of the enterprise. This is not true. In PBU there is no such prerequisite for acceptance of an operating system for accounting as the ownership of an object.
The receiving party can already use the acquired property, since the object was transferred at the will of the seller. A condition for the adoption of an asset in the OS is not the actual use, but the intended use.
This approach is also safe for tax purposes. In tax accounting, for the acceptance of property into fixed assets, documentary confirmation of the filing of documents for state registration is necessary.
Therefore, in accounting, we will take into account real estate on the date of the deed of transfer, and in tax on the date indicated in the receipt on receipt of documents. If the month of acceptance for accounting of real estate is different from the month of adoption in tax accounting, a difference will arise. This answers the question about what fixed assets are over.
