A philosophical worldview is one of the forms of human self-awareness, a system of views on an individual and his place in the world. Its main component is knowledge of the world and of human being, but nevertheless, the totality of knowledge is not yet a worldview. If this were so, then, as enlightenment philosophers thought, it was enough to simply inform people about any knowledge, and they would be able to change their minds without internal doubts and crises. Indeed, a certain position of this kind usually develops through personal attitudes, internal work, and overcoming one's own problems.
Therefore, in order to understand the peculiarities of the philosophical worldview, it is necessary, first of all, to analyze this very concept. We can say that this is the synthesis of knowledge and the relationship of a person to reality and to himself, the integrity of his beliefs, ideals, values and orientations. The worldview may be different, depending on the social group or membership in any collective - public, civic, individual. It distinguishes various aspects - for example, emotional-sensual and intellectual. Philosopher Karl Jaspers noted that when they want to emphasize the first aspect, they usually talk about such subsystems of worldview as worldview, worldview and attitude. The intellectual aspect is most accurately reflected in the term “world outlook”.
A philosophical worldview is one of the types of personality development and formation, if we are talking about an individual phenomenon, and a historical type of social consciousness, if we are talking about the spiritual culture of mankind. There is also a group worldview. This term itself was introduced into philosophical discourse by Immanuel Kant. In various systems, as well as in different eras, emotions, feelings and understanding are presented in different ways and in different proportions. However, any worldview, regardless of its structure and classification, cannot exist without beliefs. They combine thoughts and ideas with aspirations and actions.
In addition, it is also customary to divide this form of self-consciousness into a life-practical and theoretical, conceptual view. The former is dominated by common sense and traditional attitudes, often expressed in proverbs, parables and aphorisms, while the latter is characterized by logical systems with their inherent categorical apparatus and procedures for proving and substantiating. The philosophical worldview belongs to the second type. Its functional purpose is that thanks to this system of views, a person understands his role in the world and forms life attitudes. Thus, he focuses on solving the most important problems of his existence, realizes the imperatives of his behavior and the meaning of life.
Historically, there are three main types of worldview - mythological, religious and philosophical. The existence of a mythological picture of the world with certain values was concluded by the French cultural expert Levy-Bruhl. This form of development of human consciousness is characterized by the spiritualization of natural forces, animism and participatory nature (a sense of ownership of everything that happens in the world). However, even in the later stages of the development of myth, there was also a philosophical worldview in a mythopoetic form, which allowed him to generate spiritual values of an unattainable standard. Religion as a form of self-awareness by humanity is a more mature stage of comprehension of the being of the individual and the world. The foundations of a philosophy-specific problem appear in it. In addition, in religion, along with the attitude that is characteristic of myth, a large role is played by world outlook, religious ideas, which are substantiated by theologians. Nevertheless, the basis for religion is feelings and faith, and philosophy plays a subordinate character.
The philosophical worldview itself is consistently rational, conceptual, and theoretical. But it not only sets forth knowledge in a conceptual form, but with its ideas, the meaning of provisions and concepts causes discussion and debate, people agree or disagree, accept or not accept these theories. Thus, philosophy not only substantiates itself with theoretical arguments, but also generates beliefs and faith, although, unlike religion, faith plays a secondary role in philosophical concepts. However, some philosophers call this type of worldview faith.
