The southern outpost of Yamal is one of the few cities where two parallel industries (gas and oil, with a clear superiority of the latter) are developing simultaneously, the failed Khanto and the working village, where the population has almost tripled in five years - all this is about Noyabrsk. The population, the national composition of local residents and other demographic factors, as well as the nature of urban development, industry and the economy of Noyabrsk are discussed below.
All roads lead to Noyabrsk
Noyabrsk, which occupies a rather advantageous position at an equal distance from the center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Tyumen, the first Russian city in Siberia, is rightly considered the "southern gate" of Yamal. The city is located on the watershed of two large Siberian rivers, in the central part of the Siberian Uval. Noyabrsk is surrounded by taiga with numerous small rivers and small lakes. Marshland is also characteristic. The village is landscaped enough, which local authorities took care of. Near the city, people meet wolves, deer, moose, brown bears, vipers, arctic foxes and foxes.
The population of Noyabrsk often jokes that all roads lead to this city. And indeed, through the settlement with a name reminiscent of long-forgotten socialist times, but at the same time with prospects that go more than a decade ahead, several important transport arteries lie. The city is crossed by the Novy Uregnoy – Tyumen railroad of strategic importance and the highway leading to the Khanty-Mansiysk District and the “mainland”.
Oil and gas field development
The eventful and colorful history of the village began with just 40 people who, in April 1975, landed on the ice of the Itu Yaha River. The aim of the drillers was to develop a local oil field. Just three months after the arrival of the helicopter landing, the first fountain of black gold was received. So, the city was given life by the Kholmogorskoye, Karamovskoye, Povkhovskoye, Tevminskoye, Vyngapurovskoye and Sutrominskoye oil and gas fields in the north of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and in the south of the Yamalo-Nenetsky.
In November 1976, the next labor landing arrived at the site of the future workers' village. At the same time, the construction of a new railway station on the Surgut - Urgenoy line and the station village began. The city began to be marked on maps called Noyabrsk - by the name of the month when the construction of the oil industry village began. By the way, at some point they wanted to call the village Hanto - after the name of one of the local lakes, but socialist thinking prevailed.
The formation of the oil and gas city
The substation village and the local village council appeared in official documentation on October 26, 1977, when they were registered by the Tyumen Regional Executive Committee. Shortly before that, the formation of local infrastructure began. By August 1977, the population of Noyabrsk was already 1, 523 people. The majority were workers engaged in the construction of industrial facilities and the development of an oil and gas field.
At the end of August 1978, the Tyumen authorities moved the workers' settlement to the two hundred and thirteenth kilometer of the Surgut - Urengoy railway. The decision was caused by the need to protect the population of Noyabrsk from possible flooding. A suitable hill was just north of the village. There is another analogy with Rome, which was erected on seven hills.
The railway station, in the construction of which a lot of financial resources and labor had already been invested, was left in place. Today, the railway station area (today's Noyabrsk-1 station) remains one of the microdistricts of the city and is called the village of Zheleznodorozhnikov.
Improvement of the village continued. In 1978, the city had only eight streets, a post office, a first-aid post and two shops. Three years later, the population of Noyabrsk already lived in five capital five-story standard buildings, and the total living area totaled more than 40 thousand square meters. m. The time capsule with a message to the 21st century Komsomol members was laid in the foundation of the first Khrushchev’s.
At the end of 1981, the population (the city of Noyabrsk then still remained a village) reached 23 thousand people. After another year, the population became 25.5 thousand. In five years (from 1981 to 1986), the population of Noyabrsk almost tripled and reached 68 thousand. At the time of the fifth anniversary of the city becoming a city in 1987, the number of local residents was 77 thousand people.
The village continued to develop over the years. True, the collapse of the Soviet Union moderated the growth rate of Noyabrsk, and the population reached 100 thousand people only by 2005.
The population of the southern outpost of Yamal
How many people are in Noyabrsk? 2016 was not marked by an increase in the number of inhabitants. The number of people living in the oil and gas city has generally declined in recent years, albeit slightly. The population of Noyabrsk for 2016 amounted to just over 106.5 thousand people - such official data are provided by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation.
Today, Nobyarsk is the second largest city and the largest industrial city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Since 2000, the population growth of this constituent entity of the Russian Federation has been caused by completely natural reasons, whereas earlier growth in the number provided mainly an influx of labor resources. In 2014, the population of the city of Noyabrsk accounted for 20% of the total number of residents of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Diversity of national composition
The national composition of the November people is very diverse. As of 2010, representatives of the following nationalities lived in the city:
- Russians (65.5%);
- Ukrainians (12.3%);
- Tatars (6.7%);
- Azerbaijanis (2.9%);
- Bashkirs (2.3%);
- Belarusians (1.5%);
- Moldavians (1.1%);
- Lezgins (0.5%).
The population of Noyabrsk is also formed by the Chuvash, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Chechens, Kyrgyz, Kumyks.
The city is dominated by two main religions - Christianity and Islam. Representatives of predominantly Slavic peoples are Orthodox; Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks and other natives of the southern republics practice Islam. Despite the many faces of the population, the majority of November people are benevolent and cultured people who worry about the welfare of their city.
Youth of the population of Noyabrsk
A characteristic feature of a settlement with a short but eventful history is the young average age of the population. The average November is just over thirty-one years old, while the average age of the entire Russian population is 39.1 years.
Like most cities of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Noyabrsk has a record share of the working-age population among its residents - more than 70%. The proportion of minors is about 21%, pensioners, about 9%. This situation is caused by the fact that many after the end of their labor activity move to the central or southern regions of the Russian Federation with more favorable climatic conditions.
Other demographic indicators
A small number of elderly people is also caused by the fact that in Noyabrsk the number of joyful occasions associated with the birth of a child exceeds the number of mourning events. So, in 2015, 1662 births accounted for 513 deaths, a natural increase of 1149 people. The total coefficient of natural population growth was 10.7, while for Russia as a whole, an indicator equal to zero is characteristic. Until recently, the Russian Federation was completely distinguished by a population decline.
Residential areas of the settlement
The development of the southern outpost of Yamal is typical of most northern industrial cities. Several central streets around which compact microdistricts are located - this is the modern city of Noyabrsk. The population, the number (2016 was taken as the last closed) of which last year amounted, as already mentioned, to 106.5 thousand people, lives in a couple of dozen micro-districts and several villages.
Housing estates are located both directly in the city or in the vicinity of the village, and in a considerable distance. For example, the Vyngapurovsky district is 92 kilometers from Noyabrsk on the highway. The emergence of this housing estate is associated with the development of an oil and gas field of the same name.
The state of infrastructure and housing
Noyabrsk is fully equipped with roads, the proper condition of which is regularly monitored and repaired as necessary. Transport interchanges are carefully thought out, which saves the population from traffic jams, which arise only in case of major road traffic accidents or adverse weather conditions.
The work of housing and communal services among residents of Noyabrsk does not cause complaints and complaints. True, the village of Zheleznodorozhnikov is in a completely depressing state, from which the history of this subject of the Russian Federation once began. Now on the territory of the microdistrict there is practically no full-fledged street lighting, sidewalks are not everywhere, public transport runs irregularly. In the microdistrict, there are frequent cases of a sudden outage of electricity or water supply.
Employment in Noyabrsk
The village today is distinguished by high employment. Noyabrsk is a city of gas workers and oil industry workers, however, the economic and political instability of the nineties did not pass by. Then the population was directly dependent on world prices for raw materials corresponding to the economic profile of the subject. The active development of the city was replaced by a sharp outflow of labor resources immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The leading sector of the economy has been predetermined since the founding of the working village. The industrial potential of Noyabrsk is represented by companies involved in the extraction, processing and transportation of gas and oil. Two city-forming enterprises are Gazprom dobycha Noyabrsk and the Gazprom Neft branch, Gazpromneft-Noyabrskneftegaz.
The employment of the population of Noyabrsk is largely ensured by the enterprises of the oil and gas industry, where about 30 thousand inhabitants work. Uninterrupted gas production is provided by about 3 thousand people. The share of the labor force employed in government positions in the construction industry, communications and trade is also palpable. In recent years, the food industry has also developed in Noyabrsk: a dairy, a bakery, and enterprises producing fish, meat, smoked-dried and sausage products are functioning.
