Zaraysk is a small city in the Moscow region, located on the right bank of the Sturgeon River. If you go from Moscow to Zaraysk (south-eastern direction), you will have to overcome 145 kilometers, which makes it one of the most remote corners of the region.
Climate and geography
The village is located in the central European part of the state, on the Central Russian Upland (northeastern slope). In addition to the Sturgeon River, there is also Stabenka, Monastery and Sturgeon. The total occupied area is 2046 hectares.
The area where Zaraysk is located has a temperate climate. The highest atmospheric temperature is observed in July and reaches +19 ° C, the coldest in January, then the thermometer drops to –11 ° C. Precipitation is observed mainly in summer.
Of great importance for the city is a forest under the name Bespyatovsky, with a total area of 46 hectares.
Population
Zaraysk is a fairly small town by the standards of Russia. As of the current year, 23, 120 people live here. At a time when the village was just in its infancy (1595), only 444 people lived here.
By 1790, the settlement was enlarged, and the population was 3962 people. And by 1865 the city had grown even more, at that time the population of Zaraysk was 6300 people. There were 568 houses in the settlement, there were 10 churches. Schools also worked: parish, spiritual, county and for noble maidens.
Before the revolution in 1913, the population of Zaraysk was 8620 people, and there were 13 churches, the number of educational institutions also increased to 9.
Pages of history
The first mention of the settlement in these places is in the annals of 1146. Then the city was called Sturgeon. Historians suggest that it was burned by nomads.
There is a version that already in 1225 there was a city again, but they called it Red. After a tragic incident in 1237, it was renamed. Legend has it that the wife of the owner of the city, Prince Fedor, jumped out of the window with her son when the Tatars came to these places. Mother and son were killed to death, as they used to say - "infected." The city began to be called Zarazsk, later it was transformed into a more harmonious one.
The description of the city of Zaraysk until the 14th century was not found in any source. In 1521 the city was transferred to the Moscow Principality, and in the period from 1528 to 1531 a stone Kremlin was erected here. Then the city repeatedly reflects the raids of the Tatars. In 1610, under the leadership of Dmitry Pozharsky, the city was able to repel the troops of False Dmitry.
By the end of the XVII century, the settlement was losing its defense significance and becoming a center of trade and craft. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, the city flourishes, even urban planning is activated and a regular development plan is being implemented. However, by 1847, its significance was decreasing against the background of the construction of the Astrakhan tract, the modern one - the Ryazan highway, since the village was on the sidelines.
sights
The architecture and the historical part of the city remained almost untouched. So, on the central square of Zaraysk, a whole complex of ancient buildings has been preserved, consisting of:
- the whole ensemble: the Kremlin with cathedrals, erected in the period from the XVII-XX centuries;
- the square of Trading rows (XVIII century);
- church buildings erected in the period from XIX to XX centuries.
The city and the district have enormous spiritual potential. Rapid take-off took place in the 19th century, when great writers worked here. Father of Dostoevsky F.M. in 1831 acquired the small village of Darovoe. The church of the Dostoevsky family has been preserved in the village. In the period from 1832 to 1836, the future writer spent the summer months in these places.
Several interesting civil buildings remained in the city - this is the guest house, erected in the XVIII century, the water tower (1914), the former zemstvo building, built in 1910.
Economics and social infrastructure
The main industrial enterprise of the city is a shoe factory, by the way, founded back in 1858. Also, a feather-down factory, a bread factory, an enterprise for the production of building materials, a car repair enterprise, a metallurgical company, and carbonated drinks are produced in the city.
In general, the situation with work in the city is rather complicated, part of the population of Zaraysk is without work, many enterprises were closed, and new ones did not open. Young people are eager to leave. However, local authorities are trying to do everything to make Zaraysk a real tourist mecca of the Moscow region. After all, if there are tourists, then small and medium business will develop in the region, work will appear.
A large hospital, polyclinic, maternity ward, and ambulance station operate in Zaraysk.
There are only 3 educational institutions in the city:
- teacher training college;
- two vocational schools.
Kindergartens - 8 and 4 schools. There is also a rehabilitation center for minors.
The city has an Olympic reserve school, a sports school, there is an equestrian club and even a water sports center.
The city with the capital is connected by a bus route. There are also regular flights in the area. In the city there is public transport - a bus. The length of the route through the city is 17 kilometers. There is a railway in Zaraysk, but without passenger traffic.
