There are many reasons explaining the need for state regulation of the economy, but not everyone understands them. The market control mechanism is a potentially effective method of ensuring coordination and coordination of various business entities. The market is determined by a sufficiently high, and at the same time, permanent responsibility for making timely and high-quality economic decisions, as well as for the results of the activities carried out.
The need for state regulation of the economy is explained by the fact that if market prices are formed under the influence of supply and demand, then producers will have the opportunity to obtain the most complete information on what exactly needs to be produced and in what time frame. In this case, market prices determine the adoption of various decisions in the field of investment policy and many others.
The need for state regulation of the economy also arises for the reason that in the absence of market control and predictability, there is simply no objective possibility of achieving any truly important long-term tasks, as well as solving any serious socio-economic issues. With insufficient coordination of relations, irrational costs may arise due to the release of unnecessary commercial products, frequent bankruptcy due to unforeseen changes in market conditions, solvency and solvency of counterparties and other reasons. The laws of the market in themselves can establish the prospects for the development of society as a whole only spontaneously, with absolutely unpredictable results, and this is precisely their organicity, which dictates the need for state regulation of the economy.
What is it like?
Due to the fact that the market is imperfect and insolvent, even in developed countries, the state intervenes in the economy justifiably. It should be noted that the higher the level of production capabilities, the higher will be the division of labor between all working enterprises, and the higher the competition, the stronger the features of a market economy require state regulation.
Such control is the use of a certain set of measures aimed at the centralized impact of the state itself, as well as its regional and federal bodies on the main elements of the market, that is, conditions of sale, supply and demand, market infrastructure, product quality, competition and many others. Basically, it is customary to single out the three most ambitious functions of the state: stability, justice and efficiency.
Efficiency
Features of a market economy have led to the fact that the state, when using various economic instruments, must create such an economic environment that will ensure the most efficient work of production. In particular, special attention is paid to the antitrust activities of the state, the intensification of the competitive environment in the market, as well as ensuring the most favorable conditions for the operation of market mechanisms.
Justice
For the modern market, a fair environment is that those organizations that provide price and pricing, and which have succeeded in competing in the market of services and goods, capital and labor, and at the same time low profit for those who in this area failed. Exclusively market distribution is not at all a guarantee of a living wage, and for this reason, the state should redistribute the income received through various taxes, as well as provide full support for the elderly, disabled and other needy people. In other words, the government should take care of the employment of all citizens, guarantee the lowest possible level of consumption through the determination of the minimum wage.
Stability
The state maintains economic stability, in which price and pricing are in extremely calm conditions, and also smooths out the cyclical form of development. It is also worth noting that he carries out antitrust policy.
The state must solve those functions that cannot be fundamentally carried out by the market independently. Thus, the regulation of natural monopolies and other areas allows you to complement and adjust a purely market mechanism.
Different countries use the most diverse technologies of economic control, which are selected on the basis of historical experience. This may include cost control, the tax system, expert assessments, limit limits, the introduction of long-term standards and a whole host of other measures. Thanks to this, regulation of natural monopolies and other organizations provides an active influence on the market, and also allows to regulate relations between consumers and producers. It is worth noting that the methods used must be continuously updated and modernized, adapting to new conditions and tasks of developing the economic structure, and at the same time not impede entrepreneurship and initiative. Thus, it is possible to achieve a flexible use of market and planned principles, based not on their opposition, but on the most effective combination.
Basic concepts
Instruments of state regulation of the economy allow him to influence the activities of various business entities, as well as market conditions in order to achieve the most optimal working conditions for various mechanisms.
Any negative aspects that are present in the modern market economy can fully explain the reasons why the role of the state is constantly growing in it. It is the prevention of any negative consequences of the work of market regulators or their smoothing is the main task that the economic activity of the state apparatus sets itself.
Functions
Given all of the above, it is possible to identify several of the most important functions for which the state regulation of the economy is used:
- creation of a legal framework for the normal operation of private entrepreneurs;
- redistribution of profit through the use of a progressive taxation system, as well as transfer payments;
- making adjustments to the structure of production to change the distribution of resources;
- funding basic sciences and environmental protection;
- control, as well as adjustment of the level of employment, economic growth rates and the cost of various products;
- financing of production capacities, as well as the direct manufacture of certain public goods or services;
- ensuring competition protection.
According to the latter, it is worth noting that this is the work of antitrust structures, because any form of state regulation of the economy is aimed at eliminating the possibility of monopoly. The dominance of certain companies in their field ultimately negatively affects society as a whole, so maintaining a competitive environment is one of the most promising functions of any state.
It is worth noting that there are two main forms of state regulation of the economy:
- through the public sector;
- due to the impact on the work of the private sector when using various economic instruments.
How is it provided?
State regulation in a modern market economy provides for the use of a number of executive, legislative and supervisory measures that are carried out by state authorized institutions or various public organizations in order to stabilize and further adapt the existing socio-economic system to constantly changing conditions.
In this case, the objects of influence determine the activity associated with the regulation of three interrelated parts of the production process: regulation of production, resources and finances.
According to the levels of the regional hierarchy, the goals of state regulation of the economy are fulfilled in two directions: regional and federal levels.
Basic principles
The strategy for ensuring such control is based on the following basic principles:
- Under equal conditions, a market form of economic organization should always be preferred. In practice, this suggests that the state should exclusively finance socially significant industries that are unattractive to representatives of individual businesses due to low profitability.
- State enterprise should in no way compete with private business, but, on the contrary, only contribute to its development, since this is contrary to the goals of state regulation of the economy. When this principle is ignored, ultimately state-owned enterprises simply begin to dominate private ones,
- Credit, financial and tax policies of state regulation of the economy should be aimed at ensuring social stability and economic growth.
- The state will be able to intervene in market processes more efficiently if it has a market form.
- The state is strengthening regulation in order to ensure control of general economic crises, as well as various processes in the field of economic relations with other countries.
Objectives and Methods
The development of state regulation of the economy is carried out for the following purposes:
- minimization of the inevitable negative impact of various market processes.
- the formation of legal, social and financial prerequisites for the effective operation of a market economy;
- providing social protection for those groups of a market society that have the most vulnerable position in specific economic situations.
At the same time, methods are divided into direct and indirect.
Direct methods that the system of state regulation of the economy uses are based on various administrative and legal methods of influencing the work of various business entities.
Indirect ones are distinguished by the fact that they do not provide for any restriction on the freedom of economic choice, but instead, on the contrary, provide additional motivation when making market decisions. The main area of their use is the entire economic environment. Such mechanisms of state regulation of the economy provide for the use of opportunities and means available to the monetary and financial systems of the country.
It is worth noting that these methods are interconnected.
