In market conditions, the state provides the organization of an economic order. It acts as the subject responsible for establishing the rules, and the guarantor of their compliance. The transition to a modern market system involves solving the problem of choosing between the attainability of a goal and the speed of performing the corresponding tasks. The key areas of the process are determined by the strategy of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Consider its main provisions.
General information
The strategy of socio-economic development of Russia is a system of measures that are focused on achieving long-term goals. At the same time, the contribution of all subjects of the country to solving problems is taken into account. The socio-economic development strategy is based on high, worthy states, but at the same time achievable goals. This program is aimed at turning the Russian Federation into a dynamic power with the corresponding intensity of labor and business initiative, consistent and reasonable government activity.
Public consolidation
The implementation of the strategy of socio-economic development depends on various factors. One of the key advocates is the consolidation of society. To activate this process, a number of conditions are necessary:
- Choosing a goal with unifying potential. It should ensure the combination of efforts of all subjects of society. The creation of market mechanisms should be based on institutions of legitimacy of ownership.
- The formation of a new social system. It should ensure the regulation of the behavior of entities in the framework of achieving state goals.
Wealth level
When developing a strategy for socio-economic development of the country, it is necessary to take into account the quality of life of the population. The success of the programs will be largely determined by the dynamics of creating a middle class in the state. Its formation involves the construction of a new consumer model as part of the welfare standard. It, in turn, should include a high degree of security for durable products, quality housing, educational and health services. Today, statistics show that only 5-7% of Russians live by the Western standard of welfare. The proportion of the population whose per capita income does not cover the subsistence level is about 40%.
Investment breakthrough
It acts as a decisive condition for ensuring the country's economic growth. Investment breakthrough involves:
- Forced increase in investment.
- Innovative funding content.
- Investment support for major national economic sectors.
In turn, in order to make capital investments of a decisive nature, they must be materially provided with domestic production. A special role in this belongs to the engineering complex. In this regard, the strategy for socio-economic development contains a section on the modernization of this sector based on equipment manufactured both domestically and abroad.
Estimated Threats to Dynamics
When drawing up a strategy for socio-economic development, several factors should be taken into account that have a negative impact on the course of the process, which form obstacles to achieving goals. These include:
- Inadequate domestic demand.
- External debts.
- The unpreparedness of the investment complex for large-scale capital investments.
- Disproportionately high rate of increase in the cost of fuel, electricity, transport tariffs.
Participation of country entities
The developed program may vary depending on the socio-economic and political orientation of the state at one stage or another. The general state structure is always heterogeneous with respect to the administrative-territorial units that form it. This situation is primarily determined by the different level of resource provision. The specificity of the economic structure is also of no small importance; the level of development in one or another economic sphere of the region has been achieved. Over the past few years, there has been an active increase in the independence of the administrative-territorial units. At the same time, the responsibility of the subjects for regional socio-economic development is becoming higher every year.
Analysis of the situation
The strategy for the socio-economic development of the region involves a comprehensive assessment of the state of affairs. It is compiled by both objective and subjective indicators. The first, in particular, includes macroeconomic conditions, the position of the region in the general division of labor, sectoral structure, geographical location, the availability of natural resources, etc. Subjective factors are primarily management methods. Reforms carried out in recent years have shown that regions using innovative approaches to administration are much less affected by crisis trends. In a difficult situation, in the process of overcoming the crisis, those entities that have used adequate management tools and methods have a relative advantage.
The strategy of socio-economic development of the region: specifics
The development of a program for the long term refers to the functions of the central authority of the subject. The solution to this problem becomes most relevant in the context of constant structural changes and during the crisis. The way out of this condition can be quite painful if the processes take place without any coordination from the administration. With the active participation of local authorities, a way out of a difficult situation can be accompanied by insignificant costs. For this administration, it is necessary to use the existing advantages and form new ones. The strategy of socio-economic development of the region or other other entity of the country may include the use of a variety of actions. With their help, the local government stimulates the national economic sector, creates jobs, raises the tax base. The administration has at its disposal a wide range of mechanisms and tools. They allow you to expand opportunities for specific activities in which the community is most interested. The strategy of socio-economic development of the republic or any other administrative-territorial unit of the country must take into account specific factors affecting the state of the economy within specific borders.
Growth stages concept
The strategy of socio-economic development of the region in particular and the state as a whole is being developed, as was said above, for the long term. When compiling it, an analysis of qualitative indicators characteristic of a specific territory is carried out. When evaluating them, it is advisable to use a concept in accordance with which growth takes place in three stages:
- Pre-industrial.
- Industrial.
- Post-industrial.
The mining industries are predominant in the first stage:
- Forest.
- Fish.
- Agricultural.
At the industrial stage, manufacturing sectors are considered dominant. These include food and light, woodworking and forestry industries, chemical production, engineering. Intangible industries come to the fore in the post-industrial stage:
- Trade.
- The science.
- Education.
- Insurance.
- Financial sector.
- Health care, etc.
A distinctive feature of post-industrial society is a sharp decline in commodity production. At the same time, the share of the service sector, the knowledge-intensiveness of enterprises is increasing, the level of qualification of workers is increasing, and outstripping internationalization of the economy is appearing.
Main trends
The strategy of the socio-economic development of the region should presume not so much quantitative as qualitative changes in the economic structure. Currently, there is an intensive reorientation of the activities of commercial enterprises. The development trends of society indicate that the predominant sphere of employment today is the area of intangible production. It is the main investment industry and acts as a factor in the prosperity of citizens. In other words, the sphere of intangible production is the paradigm of economic development in modern conditions. In Russia, there are currently two opposite processes: an increase in the share of the services sector and deindustrialization. The latest trend is the reduction in the share of all processing industries while enhancing the extractive industries. This process can be considered to a certain extent forced. In terms of the subsequent development of the Russian economy, deindustrialization is negative. This trend determines the "shift" of the national economic complex to the first stage. This, in turn, indicates a regression of the economy. Along with this, the company has seen an increase in the share of the service sector, and the share of financial and trade enterprises is growing. This trend is characteristic of the post-industrial stage. In the near future, a substantial redistribution of labor resources is expected in the subjects. The indicated trends should be taken into account by the strategy of socio-economic development of the municipality, in which the changes that occur are most pronounced. Such administrative units, in particular, include large industrial centers of the country, in which the standard of living of the population depends on the manufacturing sector.
Raw material factor
Currently, the key condition is not availability, but resource efficiency. At the initial stages of economic transformations in the regions, a special situation developed in the raw material industries. The main share of gross revenues was provided by the export of non-ferrous and ferrous metal, gas, oil, and timber. This contributed to the preservation of the industrial potential of the entire state and its individual entities. In the 90s. export expansion was mainly driven by a low national currency rate. Along with this, an increase in imports of complex goods was noted. This trend negatively affected the standard of living, further reducing it. Some of the advantages of the commodity sector were due to low costs, primarily low labor costs. In the course of strengthening the ruble, raising wages in export production, they gradually began to decline. In this regard, the focus on export commodity industries today has no prospects.
Management tools
What should be the strategy for socio-economic development? Cities of federal importance, as a rule, are one of the first to develop and implement effective management programs. As practice shows, the most effective tools are planning and marketing. They are tried and tested tools of modern management. In the transition to a market system, in some cases, strategic planning is not only expedient, but also necessary to use in all types of activities. This applies equally to the agricultural, manufacturing, construction, and transport sectors.
