The words "barrel of oil" regularly sound on the radio and from TV screens. In the last three years there is no dearer word for Russians. From a school chemistry course, adults remember that automobile fuel is made from black gold. In the mornings at a gas station, the mind of the people is busy with the thought: 1 barrel of oil - how many liters of gasoline the country will give.
Volume matters
Petroleum oil is discord. Slurry density and sulfur content are the starting points in determining the characteristics of black gold. In order not to get confused in numbers, at the dawn of the discovery of earth oil, oil producers decided to sell the goods not by weight, but by volume. Since the extracted slurry was transported in metal barrels (barrels), the volume of liquid mineral contained in the barrel (159 liters) was called a barrel.
Important: for the calculation of commodity volumes, the exact number is used - 158.998 liters in one barrel.
Volume Counters
Technological installations of black gold mining enterprises and oil refineries are equipped with fluid metering units with ultrasonic or turbine flow meters. Counters measure the current volume of liquid, bring the volume measurement to standard temperature, calculate the mass of the liquid passed through the meter, taking into account the density. Every drop is registered in the industry. 1 barrel of oil will be disregarded - how many liters of gasoline will the producer lose? The primary basis of the oil business is accounting and control.
A good owner sets the counters for both commercial and technological accounting. The network of devices is connected to an automatic system that allows you to accumulate information about the received and processed combustible liquid.
Russian oil
In Russia, the unit of measurement of commodity quantity is a ton. But a ton is mass, the product of the volume and density of a liquid. The density of the types of fossil fuels varies, since the sludge deposits contain impurities that differ in composition. The country produces seven grades of oil, the base of which are:
- "Urals" with a density of 860 to 871 kg / m 3 and a sulfur content of 1.3 percent, mined in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug;
- Sibirian Light with a density of 845 to 850 kg / m 3 and a sulfur percentage of 0.58, mined in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug;
- Espoo with a density of 851 to 855 kg / m 3 and a sulfur content of 0.62 percent, mined in Eastern Siberia.
Russian oil is a quality product. But on the exchange, the Urals grade is cheaper than the Brent brand due to its high sulfur content. The New York price for the Brent light brand is the base quote for the cost of Russian slurry. With a discount factor of 0.89, the price for the weighted Urals brand is formed.
In advertising materials, oil is shown in a thick black color. In nature, fuel is found in a brown hue, and in an amber color, and colorless as water. The more impurities, the thicker and darker the color. Even in one field oil of different colors is found depending on the depth. The color of the slurry does not affect the volume of fuel in the barrel: red or white 1 barrel of oil, how many liters of gasoline from the red kind, so much from white.
This is interesting: Espoo crude sludge is supplied not only to Asian countries, but also to the western United States, where its own AINS fuel is mined.
Distillation technology
Receiving liquid gold through pipelines or in tankers, shipments are recorded in barrels. When planning enterprise profits, economists calculate the volume of production of all types of fractions. For financiers, it is important how much to buy raw materials and what to sell the finished product for, so wake them up at night, the answer to the main question immediately follows: "1 barrel of oil - how many liters of gasoline?"
85-112 liters are produced from one barrel of black gold (95-92 per octane). The output depends on the process technology:
- Direct distillation. Fuel yield –15-25% of the weight of the processed liquid.
- Thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. Gasoline fractions are obtained 50-60%.
- Reforming. Production of high-octane gasoline based on direct distillation products. Yield 80%.
Crude oil is subjected to primary processing - solids and light hydrocarbons are removed, and they are also driven through electric desalination plants.
During refining, oil is converted into fuel for cars, aircraft and tractors, solar oil, tar.
Crisis and barrel
Petroleum producers agreed not to discuss the cost of the process. The main thing is how many liters of fuel are obtained from one barrel of slurry. The final consumer should not bother with the cost of oil and oil products. But nevertheless, information about the cost of commodity slurry is leaking into the press. In Russia, the average production price is eight dollars per barrel. It’s not cheap, considering that in the selling price the main burden is created by taxes and excise taxes.
In Russia, there are five running brands of fuel for cars, including AI-92 and AI-95. The letter “I” in the name indicates that the octane number was determined by the research method. Quarterly declines in production growth, falling oil prices and the simultaneous appreciation of the ruble are worrying the souls of motorists; the question doesn’t let you sleep: “1 barrel of oil - how many liters of gasoline is 95”? As much as processing technology gives, 85-120 liters. But the price of the vital final product consists of the cost of production, transportation costs, taxes and production costs.
It is important to know: the octane number is the degree of resistance to automatic fire.
