Each person at least once in his life went to the forest for mushrooms. And, accordingly, everyone knows that various varieties of mushrooms are found in nature. Among them there are both useful and poisonous, so before you eat mushrooms, you need to make sure that they are edible.
A mushroom usually consists of a hat and a stalk, but there are exceptions - for example, truffles that grow in the ground. On the inside of the hat are plates or tubes with which mushrooms multiply. In these tubes or plates, spores mature. Many edible varieties of fungi synthesize nutrients by processing the remains of dead organisms in the soil. According to the method of nutrition, mushrooms are divided into:
- saprotrophs, which feed on organic substances processed by their body from plant debris;
- parasites that live off other living organisms - for example, on a tree. In some cases, such collaboration is beneficial for both organisms.
In this article, we list some varieties of mushrooms. First of all, honey agaric. It grows on rotten wood and, therefore, feeds on it, it develops its mycelium directly under the bark itself. This type of fungus is a parasite and leads to the death of the tree. The less popular mushroom is the birch bark, which was given its name due to the fact that its development occurs only on birch roots. At the same time, this variety does not belong to parasites, since due to the ability to synthesize nutrients, the birch bark partially transfers them to the tree.
Among mushroom pickers, a mushroom such as boletus is also valued. He has a bright red hat that even an unprofessional mushroom picker will see from afar. Among all types of mushrooms, this one is special. Its difference lies in the fact that it is very unpretentious to the weather and even in a dry year grows in abundance in shady aspen forests. Boletus has several varieties. Depending on the place where he grows, his hat can take on a shade from white and yellow to orange and brown.
Particular attention should be paid to such a variety of mushrooms as porcini mushroom. During cooking, it emits a pleasant aroma that can conquer any gourmet. Basically, this mushroom is dried or fried fresh, in mushroom soup it is also indispensable. Many types of ceps are known, but skilled mushroom pickers can always find the best representatives in the forest.
The beneficial properties of this product do not end only on the palate. In folk medicine, a white mushroom, dried and ground into powder, is recommended for use in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
It is worth noting how great the nutritional value of mushrooms is. Together with them, such nutrients as vitamins B, C, D, minerals such as phosphorus and potassium get into our body. The composition of mushrooms includes chitin and cellulose, which contributes to better digestion, but they, unfortunately, also hinder the complete assimilation of the nutrients contained in them by the body.
