Terrorism today has become the number one socio-political problem, since its scale has acquired truly global significance. In the fight against terrorism, Russia is making every effort to avoid the dangerous and unpredictable consequences that humanity is already experiencing.
Without Borders
Terrorism is a threat to the security of the whole world, all countries and all citizens inhabiting them, these are economic and political losses, this is a huge psychological pressure exerted on people. The scope of banditry in modern times is so wide that for it there are no state borders.
What can a single state do against terrorism? Its international character dictates retaliatory measures, building an entire system of counteraction. This is exactly what Russia is doing in the fight against terrorism. The Russian Federation is also feeling its offensive on an international scale, so the question arose of the participation of its army even outside the country.
Countering the forces of terror
The forces of the authorities and local governments are carrying out hourly vigilant work to ensure the safety of the country's population. The methods used to combat terrorism within Russia are as follows.
- Prevention: preventing terrorist attacks by identifying and eliminating the conditions and causes that contribute to the commission of acts of terror.
- Russia in the fight against terrorism follows the chain from the identification, prevention, suppression, disclosure and investigation of each such case.
- The consequences of any manifestation of terror are minimized and eliminated.
the federal law
Counteraction was legislatively announced on March 6, 2006. According to federal law, Russia can use the RF Armed Forces in the fight against terrorism. The following situations of the use of the Armed Forces are stipulated.
- Suppression of the flight of any aircraft hijacked by terrorists or used for a terrorist attack.
- Suppression of a terrorist attack in the territorial sea of the Russian Federation and in inland waters, at any facility in the seas located on the continental shelf where the territory of the Russian Federation is located, ensuring the safe operation of shipping.
- Russia in the fight against terrorism is participating in counter-terrorism operations, as provided for in this Federal Law.
- The fight against international terrorism beyond the borders of the Russian Federation.
Suppression of terrorism in the air
The RF Armed Forces can use military equipment and weapons in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to eliminate the threat or suppress a terrorist act. If the aircraft does not respond to commands from ground-based tracking points and to the signals of the raised RF planes to intercept or refuses to obey without explanation, the RF Armed Forces stop the flight of the vessel using military equipment and weapons, forcing it to land. In case of disobedience and the existing danger of environmental disaster or loss of life, the flight of the ship is suppressed by destruction.
Suppression of Terrorism on the Water
Inland waters, the territorial sea and its continental shelf and national maritime navigation (including underwater) of the Russian Armed Forces must also be protected using the above methods of combating terrorism. If sea or river watercraft do not respond to commands and signals to stop violating the rules for using the water space of the Russian Federation and the underwater environment, or there should be a refusal to comply, the weapons of warships and aircraft of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are used to force to stop the swimming means and eliminate the threat of terrorist attack even by means of it destruction. Prevention of loss of life or environmental disaster is necessary, using any measures to combat terrorism.
Counter-terrorism internal and external
Regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation determine the decision of the President of Russia in attracting military units and units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in the counter-terrorism operation. Military units, units and formations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation use military equipment, special means and weapons. The fight against international terrorism through the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law using weapons or from the territory of the Russian Federation against terrorist bases or outside RF individuals, as well as using the RF Armed Forces outside the country. All these decisions are made personally by the President, currently V. Putin.
The fight against terrorism is the most important task of the modern world and is very responsible. Therefore, the total number of the formation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the areas where it will operate, the tasks it faces, the length of stay outside the Russian Federation and other issues related to counter-terrorism activities outside the Russian Federation are also decided personally by the President. The Federal Law on the Suppression of Terrorism separately stipulates this provision. The military units that are sent outside of Russia consist of contract servicemen who have undergone special preliminary training and are formed purely on a voluntary basis.
National security
Terrorism can be represented both by organizations and groups, and by individuals. The national security strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 provides for any manifestations of terrorist activity. The orientation can be of any plan - from forcibly changing the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and disorganizing the functioning of the state. authorities until the destruction of industrial and military facilities, as well as institutions and enterprises that ensure the livelihoods of the population, and before the intimidation of society by using chemical or nuclear weapons.
The problems of the fight against terrorism are that there is no consolidation of all public and state structures in combining efforts to counter this dangerous phenomenon. No specially created counter-terrorism centers, even special services and law enforcement agencies, can effectively help here. We need the joint activity of all structures, branches of government, the media.
Sources of terrorism
Any terrorist manifestations should be clearly monitored to the very source and honestly identified the reasons for their occurrence. An expert survey conducted among employees of the anti-terrorist units of the FSB of the Russian Federation revealed that the determinants (factors of occurrence) of terrorism are most often the following: a sharp decrease in living standards and the degree of social. protection, political struggle and legal nihilism, the growth of separatism and nationalism, imperfect legislation, low authority of power structures, their ill-conceived decisions.
The growing terrorism is fueled mainly by contradictions in society, social tension, from which political extremism appears. The fight against extremism and terrorism requires the inclusion of a comprehensive program in which it will have not only political, but also economic, social, ideological, legal and many other aspects. The anti-terrorism policy of the Russian Federation is trying to solve the main, but only investigative tasks - the preservation of territorial integrity and sovereignty. And we should start with reasons.
Fundamentals of the fight against terrorism
An integral part of state policy is the fight against terrorism in the Russian Federation, the aim of which, as has already been said, is to ensure the country's security, territorial integrity and sovereignty. The main points of this strategy are as follows:
- the causes and conditions conducive to the emergence of terrorism and its spread must be identified and eliminated;
- persons and organizations committing preparations for terrorist acts must be identified, their actions prevented and suppressed;
- entities involved in terrorist activities should be held accountable in accordance with Russian law;
- forces and means intended to suppress, detect, prevent terrorist activities, minimize and eliminate the consequences of terrorist acts must be maintained in constant readiness for their use;
- crowded places, important life support facilities and infrastructure should be provided with anti-terrorism protection;
- the ideology of terrorism should not be spread, and the work of outreach should be intensified.
Security measures
Objects that can be targeted by terrorist operations have recently become much better equipped with engineering and technical means of protection, and security officers have significantly improved their level of training. Nevertheless, the anti-terrorist protection of places where people abound is still not enough, since there were no uniform requirements for ensuring this at the facilities.
In 2013, on October 22, the Federal Law on Anti-Terrorism Protection of Objects entered into force. Now, the Government of the Russian Federation, according to this document, receives the right to establish the requirements for anti-terrorism protection of objects and territories that are mandatory for all individuals and legal entities to fulfill. The requirements also relate to their category, control regarding the fulfillment of requirements, the form of the safety data sheet. Only transport infrastructure, vehicles and fuel and energy facilities are excluded from these facilities, where anti-terrorism protection is built much more rigidly.
Global threat
Terrorist organizations operate in Russia most often with the participation and under the guidance of foreign citizens who have been trained abroad and are financially supported by sources related to international terrorism. According to the FSB of the Russian Federation, already in 2000 there were about three thousand foreign fighters in Chechnya. In the military operations of 1999-2001, the Russian armed forces destroyed more than a thousand foreigners from Arab countries: Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Kuwait, Tajikistan, Turkey, Syria, Algeria.
In recent years, international terrorism has intensified to the extent of a global threat. In Russia, the creation of the National Anti-Terrorism Committee (NAC) is connected with this. This collegial body, which coordinates the activities of the executive branch of both the federal and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government, as well as prepares relevant proposals to the President of the Russian Federation. The NAC was formed in accordance with the 2006 Decree on Combating Terrorism. The chairman of the committee is Director of the FSB of the Russian Federation Army General A.V. Bortnikov. Almost all the heads of power structures, government departments and chambers of the Russian parliament work under his leadership.
The main objectives of the NAC
- Preparation of proposals to the President of the Russian Federation regarding the formation of state policies and improving legislation in the field of counter-terrorism.
- Coordination of all anti-terrorist activities of the federal executive branch, commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the interaction of these structures with local self-government, public organizations and associations.
- Identification of measures to eliminate the causes and conditions conducive to terror, ensuring the protection of objects from potential attacks.
- Participation in the fight against terrorism, the preparation of international treaties of the Russian Federation in this area.
- Providing social protection for people already engaged in or involved in the fight against terrorism, social rehabilitation of victims of terrorist attacks.
- The solution of other tasks stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Terror of the North Caucasus
In recent years, the state. The authorities made significant efforts to normalize the situation in the North Caucasus Federal District by implementing counter-terrorism measures. In December 2014, the Director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, A. Bortnikov, noted the result of coordination of preventive and power operations - terrorist crimes became three times less than in the same period of 2013: 218 crimes against 78.
However, the tension in the region is still high - both the North Caucasus bandit underground and international terrorism are active, despite the direct participation of all law enforcement agencies, law enforcement agencies and special services in the fight against it. Operational and combat measures are carried out, terrorist acts are detected, prevented, suppressed, terrorist acts are revealed and investigated. So, during 2014, special services and law enforcement agencies managed to prevent 59 terrorist crimes and eight preparing terrorist attacks. Thirty people associated with the gangster underground were persuaded to abandon terror.
When to persuade fails
To combat terrorism, there is a complex of operational-combat, special, military and many other measures, when military equipment, weapons and special means are used to suppress a terrorist act, neutralize militants, ensure the safety of people, institutions and organizations and minimize the consequences of a terrorist attack. Here, the forces and means of the FSB bodies are involved, along with the group being created, the composition of which can be replenished by units of the RF Armed Forces and federal executive authorities, which are responsible for defense, security, internal affairs, civil defense, justice, the Ministry of Emergencies and many others.
As a result of such powerful counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus, in 2014, 233 bandits were neutralized, including 38 leaders. Detained 637 members of the underground. 272 explosive devices, a lot of firearms and other means of destruction were removed from illegal traffic. In 2014, law enforcement agencies investigating terrorist acts brought 219 criminal cases to court, as a result of which the criminals received criminal punishment, among them four perpetrators of terrorist attacks in Volgograd.
Terror and international relations
Cross-border forms of terrorism are the most dangerous form of crime. Modern realities have turned it into a factor of destabilization of the development of international relations. Terrorist attacks on the use of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear weapons) are a serious threat to the existence of all mankind. And the world community, due to the overstated ambitions of its individual members, cannot even determine the exact terminology regarding this phenomenon, although in general a certain joint understanding of the main components of this phenomenon has developed.
First of all, terrorism is unlawful violence with the use of weapons, the desire to intimidate the public of the world in the widest sections of its population, these are innocent victims. If a terrorist act affects the interests of more than one country, it naturally contains an international element. The international community does not consider the political orientation a feature of international terrorism, oddly enough. However, in recent years, when it has grown incredibly strong around the world, the UN General Assembly Committee is trying to start work on a definition regarding international terrorism again.
