In Russia, the liquidation of the consequences of local and natural disasters is the responsibility of the federal ministry, which is abbreviated as EMERCOM. This is the most important emergency rescue service in the country. It acts in conjunction with other rapid response bodies. It includes municipal fire and rescue services. The Ministry of Emergency Situations carries out unified management of emergency departments of cities, regions and the country as a whole. In total, the ministry conducts more than 25% of federal inspections.
Ministry of Emergencies
The federal service provides control over all the rescue bodies of the country. Initially, municipal departments are sent to the call. If the local forces did not manage to localize the danger, regional services come into play. Republican departments are connected only in case of urgent need.
Emergencies Ministry rescuers arrive at the site only fourth. Local authorities such as the police, ambulance and firefighters should be the first to respond to an emergency. And only after these services establish the need to attract additional forces to eliminate the danger, the employees of the Ministry of Emergencies arrive. Their response time is about 4 hours.
In a large-scale disaster, the federal service aviation is connected to its liquidation. However, before calling the helicopter of the Ministry of Emergencies, it is necessary to assess the level of danger. Perhaps the accident will be able to eliminate the city services. EMERCOM employees are called only in rare cases when the situation gets out of control.
The ministry employs people who have undergone military training in the army, and firefighters. When passing exams, rescuers check not only physical readiness and mental abilities, but also psychological stability. In total, over 7200 people work in the Ministry of Emergencies, and about 150 thousand employees in the fire service.
Rescue aircraft
Emergencies Ministry air forces are the pride of the whole country. Federal Aviation Service was established in May 1995. The initiator was the Government of the Russian Federation. During its existence, aviation has proven itself more than once. She took part in thousands of rescue missions in Russia and abroad.
The main base of the Ministry of Emergencies is the Ramenskoye airfield. However, aviation forces are evenly distributed across all regions of the country. To date, the Ministry has over 50 aircraft at its disposal. The fleet is represented by such devices as the Il-62M, An-74, Yak-42D, Be-200ChS and many other multifunctional models. Also on the balance are rescue helicopters EMERCOM of Russia BK-117, Mi-8 and Bo-105. For medical needs, the Ka-32 was modernized. Of the multi-purpose heavyweights, it is worth highlighting the Mi-26T.
The father of Russian rescue aircraft is considered a military pilot and engineer Rafail Zakirov. It was he who stood at the origins of the development of fire fighting technologies for such helicopters as the Mi-26 and Ka-32. For efficiency, the VSU-15 series spillway devices were used. Zakirov also developed a concept to combat oil spills. For this, a VOP-3 device was designed. Later, the engineer managed to achieve amazing results in extinguishing man-made fires. Efficiency was achieved thanks to the invention of Zakirov, a VAP-2 spillway.
Mi-8 helicopter
This multi-purpose aircraft was developed in the early 1960s. According to international codification, these Russian Emergencies Ministry helicopters are known as Hip or B-8. Today are the most common 2-engine rescue vehicles in the world.
Often these helicopters are used for military purposes. They were first used in battle in 1967 in the strike operation of Egyptian aircraft against Israel. Then the Mi-8s were involved in the wars in Somalia, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Abkhazia, Iraq, Chechnya, Yugoslavia, Ossetia, Syria, Ukraine. On the balance sheet of the Russian Federation is more than 500 units, including modifications.
Mi-8 helicopters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are capable of accommodating 3 crew members and about 20 passengers. Maximum load (taking into account the face value) - more than 12 tons. The total engine power is about 4200 liters. with. The average speed is up to 250 km / h.
Upgraded Mi-26
One of the most popular variations of the Halo helicopter (American codification) is the Mi-26T. This is a passenger transport heavyweight model, which occupies a special place in the armed forces of the Ministry of Emergencies. The Mi-26 helicopter has been upgraded more than once, but it is the version with the letter "T" that has become the determining and most effective in practice. To date, the release of the model continues.
The helicopters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Mi-26T are equipped with special navigation and radio-electronic devices, allowing to perform any emergency rescue tasks even in difficult climatic conditions. The device complex includes the Veer-M radar system and a modified PKP-77 command pilot device.
The helicopter is capable of lifting up to 28 tons of cargo into the air. At the same time, the main compartment can accommodate up to 80 people. The crew of the aircraft consists of 3 pilots. The power of each engine is about 11 thousand liters. with. The maximum speed threshold is 295 km / h.
Rescue model Ka-32
This medical emergency helicopter was put into operation in the mid-1980s. Ka-32 is a lightweight transport aircraft with fixed gear. It is used only for search and rescue purposes.
The development of the helicopter began in 1969. The main mission of the Ka-32 was reconnaissance in extreme conditions of the Arctic. In the mid-1970s, the model was expanded to multifunctional. Today, these Ministry of Emergency Situations helicopters are also used to dismantle blockages after an accident or earthquake.
Ka-32 is able to fly into the air at an optimum height of 3, 500 meters with a load of up to 3.5 tons. The nominal weight of the vessel is 7500 kg. Speed barrier - up to 260 km / h. The maximum flight range with a full tank is about 800 km.
Multipurpose vessel Bo-105
This rescue helicopter of the Ministry of Emergencies is a strike. It is produced simultaneously for civilian and military needs. The project was developed in 1967 by German engineers. Bo-105 are widespread throughout the world. Used primarily for rescue missions in difficult terrain.
The crew includes only one pilot. Passenger capacity - 4 people. 2 stretchers are freely placed in a cabin (there are special fastenings).
Permissible speed threshold - 270 km / h. High-altitude flight ceiling - up to 5000 m.
The helicopter is equipped with medium-range guided missiles and several large-caliber cannons.
