What may be the requirements for information? The most diverse, depending on what kind of information in question. This concept is very multifaceted. For example, the requirements for a private announcement of the sale of something will differ from what the article in the newspaper or the plot in the television news should correspond to.
In order to understand what the requirements for information are, you need to clearly understand what exactly is meant by this term.
What is information? Definition
Scientists have not given a single universal definition to this concept. Moreover, many of them, for example, Russian academician Nikita Nikolaevich Moiseev, believe that it is completely impossible to give a single definition of the term “information” because of the wide range of components.
The most common and universal is the idea of information as a list of information about things, events, objects, people, animals, or about something else. People exchange information directly during communication or get it in other ways. Of course, the statement of facts is also information.
What is information? The concept
This word came into Russian from Latin. Literally translated informatio means:
- familiarization;
- mixing;
- clarification.
In fact, any option for communication between people is nothing more than an exchange of information. The transfer of information or a statement of facts may take any form. This is speech, recordings, images and more. Information can be transmitted using conditional signals or technical media.
For humanity, it is one of the most important resources, with the help of which not only the accumulated knowledge and experience is preserved, but also the process of development of society becomes possible. This concept affects absolutely all spheres of life. Information processes are studied in many scientific disciplines, starting with philosophy and ending with marketing.
How is this concept classified?
The requirements for information directly depend on what kind of information it refers to. This concept is classified as follows:
- by the way of perception;
- according to the form of provision;
- for the intended purpose.
Each of these groups includes several species, which, in turn, can also be divided into even more thematic and narrow.
The flow of information is a data transmission path that ensures the existence of any system. Thus, it is important to know where its source is, conditionally - below or above. For example, the information presented to citizens by the president is a stream of information from above. And the rumors that reached the head of state about the events in the provincial village are an information stream from below.
Perceptual Information
The categories of this group are determined by how the transmission of information is perceived by a person.
The main types included in this type of information:
- visual;
- tactile;
- sound;
- taste;
- olfactory.
The visual category includes all the information that is perceived by a person through the organs of vision. Accordingly, the sound transmission of information involves hearing, tactile, olfactory and taste - the receptors responsible for this type of perception.
Information on the submission form
Depending on the form in which the facts are presented or information is provided, the information may be:
- textual;
- numerical;
- graphic;
- sound.
In the modern world, other categories stand out - information presented on technical media, in videos. Of course, the requirements for information provided in the form of text differ from those presented to video recordings.
Purpose Information
Purpose - this is the concept of to whom exactly this or that information is addressed. In accordance with the "addressee" information can be:
- mass;
- special;
- personal;
- secret.
Mass - this is one that is available to all members of society, without exception or any type of restrictions. As a rule, this is trivial facts and information that are not important for government agencies and understandable to all people, regardless of their level of culture or education.
Special - this is one that is characterized by addressing a narrow social group, contains specific information. For example, a reference book of higher mathematics terms is special information. An accounting report, a work schedule, a schedule of celebrations in a particular city are also examples of special information.
Personal - this is a list of private information related to a particular person and not in the public domain. Secret - a concept that includes all the information and facts that should be protected from dissemination and are valuable to government agencies or certain social groups. For example, a business plan for the development of an oil company is classified information that is valuable to the owners and shareholders of this enterprise. The number of nuclear warheads is secret information regarding the country's defensive capabilities.
List of basic information requirements
Of course, the list of what is expected from any information and what it should correspond to depends entirely on what type they belong to. However, there are also basic requirements for information that must be observed regardless of which sphere of life information relates to.
They are as follows:
- continuity, speed of collection and processing;
- timeliness;
- accuracy of the stated;
- reliability and consideration of potential risk;
- quality and resource intensity;
- targeting;
- legal compliance;
- multiple or one-time use;
- relevance;
- compliance with a given topic, if any.
Which information requirement should be taken more carefully depends on its type and type of life. For example, if we are talking about the localization of the fire, then the priority will be the speed of collection and reliability.
Is data and information the same thing?
The requirements for data and information have some differences, due to the fact that these concepts, although close in meaning, are still not identical.
Data is a list of information, instructions, concepts and facts that can be verified, processed and reused. Data is what security systems, computers, logisticians who compile statistical reports, financiers and others work with.
Thus, the requirements for document information are conditions that the data must comply with. That is, it is a filling form, reliability, relevance, legal compliance, convenient provision. For example, a statistical report on profit growth using graphs is data on the work of the company. The information in the passport is the data about the person.
Accordingly, data is a narrower concept than information, which is one of its component directions.
