Turukhansky district of Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most sparsely populated regions of Russia and the world. The climate is severe, and nature is represented by taiga in the south and tundra with forest tundra in the north. The population in the region is extremely low. There is no developed transport connection. Reindeer herding, typical of the northern regions of Russia, is poorly developed, greatly inferior to hunting and gathering. Nevertheless, the region has significant reserves of fuel, mineral and biological resources. The production of some of them is planned to begin in the near future. In the energy sector, hydropower was the main development. Turukhansky district was a source of creative inspiration for some domestic writers and musicians.
Geographical position
Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the north-west of this region on the territory of the Russian Federation. The administrative center is the settlement of Turukhansk, which is 1, 100 kilometers from the city of Krasnoyarsk. In total, there are 34 settlements in Turukhansky district.
History and demographic features
For a long time Turukhansk Territory remained an absolutely wild and unexplored place. Only at the beginning of the 17th century was it first visited by Russian geographers. The beginning of the development of the district is considered to be 1607, when the first strong point was established, which was located near the confluence of the Yenisei and Turukhan rivers. In 1708, it gets the name Turukhansk. By this time it was already an urban-type village, which became a center of development and trade at the regional level.
In 1822, Turukhansky district became part of the newly formed administrative unit, which became known as the Yenisei province. In total, it included 5 districts. Since 1898, the Yenisei province was abolished and divided into counties. From that moment on, she loses her official status.
At the moment, Turukhansk Territory has an area of about 200, 000 km 2 and is one of the main areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is still characterized by a very low population size and density - only 0.087 people / km 2. The main nationalities whose representatives live in the region are chum, Evenki and Selkups. Due to the low standard of living and the spread of alcoholism, the average life expectancy of indigenous people is only about 40 years. Gigantic unemployment is widespread in the region, and most of the unemployed are not registered in employment centers.
At the moment, the head of the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is Oleg Igorevich Sheremetyev.
Natural conditions
Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the western part of Eastern Siberia. Natural conditions correspond to the taiga zone. The climate is distinguished by pronounced continentality and belongs to the subarctic type. Annual precipitation is 400-500 mm. Negative average annual temperatures are characteristic, as well as severe winter frosts, at which the thermometer can drop to -57 degrees Celsius. The thickness of the snow cover gradually increases during the winter, and in the first half it is often small. The active freezing of soils is associated with this, which contributes to the development of permafrost, the thickness of which is 50-200 m.
Geographically, Turukhansk Territory can be divided into 2 parts: eastern and western, the border between which runs along the riverbed. Yenisei. The eastern half affects the western part of the Central Siberian plateau. The maximum height within the region is 1000 m. The western one captures the eastern edge of the West Siberian lowland.
Another natural feature of the region is a pronounced spring flood on the river. Yenisei.
The severity of climatic conditions determines the widespread distribution of taiga forests in the south and tundra with forest tundra in the north. With all this, the region has excellent opportunities for the development of economic activity, subject to a careful attitude to nature.
Resources
On the territory of the district there are large reserves of various minerals, including fuel and energy, as well as a variety of biological resources.
The reservoirs of the region are the habitat of such commercial fish species as perch, pike, burbot, dace, silver plow, omul, peled, whitefish, and vendace. There are also such rare species of fish as sterlet, nelma, taimen and sturgeon. Opportunities for fishing are thousands of tons of fish per year.
In the Turukhansky district legal hunting of elk, bear, reindeer, muskrat, furs and other game is allowed. It is also possible to catch sable and squirrel, however, the number of squirrels was significantly undermined over 50 years of increased catch.
Turukhansk Territory is rich in wild fruit plants. Commercial harvesting of blueberries, currants (black and red), cloudberries, lingonberries, cranberries is possible. The stocks of each of the berries range from several tens to several hundred thousand tons. However, the small population and harsh conditions are an obstacle to their mass collection.
Among the mineral deposits, the most important are oil and gas, which are concentrated in the northwestern part of the okrug. Also promising for development is the manganese deposit in the south and graphite, the production of which is planned to begin soon.
Economy
In the region’s economy, energy, mining, reindeer husbandry and hunting are of the greatest importance. The largest electricity company is the Kureiskaya Hydroelectric Power Station, which generates approximately 2.5 billion kWh of electricity. Near the station is the village of Svetlogorsk, Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is the place of residence of the station workers.
The development of the Vankor oil and gas field, as well as the construction of oil and gas pipelines predominate in the extraction of natural resources.
Reindeer husbandry takes place in the north-west of the district, where Evenki live. However, the deer population is only a few hundred individuals. Mostly local residents are engaged in hunting for sables, fishing, gathering.
Transport connection
The transport network in Turukhansky district is practically not developed. There are no roads or railways in the region. As transport use helicopters and boats to move along the rivers. Traffic on the Yenisei is available only 4 months a year, and on its tributaries - no more than a month. Helicopter communication is possible from 9 to 12 months during the year.
Education and culture
There are 28 schools in the region, in which only about 2500 students study, 17 kindergartens that accept only about 700 children. In addition, there are 2 additional institutions - the center of children's creativity “Aist” and “Youth”.
There are no specialized cultural institutions in the okrug, but the nature of the district served as a source of inspiration for the writer Vyacheslav Shishkov, which was reflected in his novel Ugryum River, for Victor Astafyev (the work Tsar the Fish). In the song genre, Turukhansky Krai is also present. The song of Svetlana Piterskaya is a vivid example of creativity dedicated to this region.
