The inhabitants of our planet began to think about what a volcano is and how it appears in ancient times.
So, for example, the ancient Romans called the mountain a volcano in which the fire god Volcano lived. When he began his dangerous work, smoke came from the mountain and fire erupted. Kamchadals believed that in the fire-breathing mountains near the spirits of volcanoes are the souls of the dead, and smoke is visible when they begin to sink their yurts. The Indians of North America, who lived at the foot of the Mazam volcano, believed that its eruptions occurred during the struggle of the good god of snow and the evil god of fire.
But how to explain what a volcano, experts. A volcano is a hole in the earth's crust that naturally formed as a result of displacement of tectonic plates, from which a red-hot lava is ejected, most often accompanied by an explosion, and, along with it, steam, gases and ashes.
On the African continent is one of the unusual volcanoes of the planet - Aldoinho-Lengai. Its crater, whose diameter is 400 m, is filled with white matter, but this is not snow, but soda ash. Surprisingly, it rose from the depths of the earth, because this volcano is the only one whose lava contains calcium, potassium and sodium instead of the usual silicon minerals. It is called cold, because the temperature of this lava is half that of ordinary. In the afternoon, it looks black, and only with the advent of darkness it becomes clear that in fact it is dark crimson. Then, gradually cooling, the lava becomes white. With streams of water, soda is carried away into a beautiful lake, as if covered with a pink blanket. This is another amazing moment, because the pink coverlet is a lot of flamingos attracted by spirulina, one of the few living organisms that live in soda water.
The volcano Hephaestus, located on the Rotten Mountain of the Taman Peninsula, is unique in that it is a volcano that spews mud fountains. This mud, called a peloid, is saturated with boron, bromine, iodine, selenium, due to which it is used as a therapeutic agent in medicine. Mud baths are arranged right in the crater of the volcano, the temperature of which ranges from + 12 to + 20 degrees Celsius.
The volcanoes of Iceland for 60 million years have been an ongoing struggle with glaciers. Over the past two centuries, out of 20 volcanoes, almost half have been active at least once. And one of the largest eruptions on this island lasted almost two years during 1821-1823. - it was Eyyafyadlayokyudl. By the way, in 2010, with his action, he practically melted a huge glacier of the same name in a few days and at the same time provoked the activity of another volcano - Katla. According to experts, volcanoes and earthquakes, their constant satellites, will make themselves felt over the next 60 years.
And what is a volcano in space? In 2005, at Enceladus (Saturn's satellite), the Cassini space station recorded active volcanoes. For hundreds of kilometers, they spewed out not lava, but fountains of water, which immediately turned into fog from ice crystals. A little earlier, in 1989, it became known about volcanic activity on Triton (Neptune’s satellite). There, on one of the coldest bodies of the solar system (- 240 degrees Celsius), nitrogen geysers activated by solar heat were discovered.
So what is a volcano - a fire-breathing mountain, a mud fountain or a gas geyser?
