The architecture of the modern city is in tune with the constant development of urban culture, industry, the growth of the productive forces of society. Social and technological progress accelerates and stimulates the further development of old cities and the emergence of new ones.
City architecture: some general information
Urban construction is designed to expand the infrastructure and living space of a person, to create new architectural complexes. Another, equally important role is to preserve the historical appearance of the city, to maintain its distinctive atmosphere.
The architecture of the modern city includes landscaping. Its goal is the creation and improvement of living conditions for citizens, the conservation of natural resources within a certain territory.
Many post-Soviet cities were built according to standard designs and therefore are still largely similar to each other. Monotonous Soviet buildings can be found in every CIS country, be it Kazakhstan, Armenia or Russia. But there is one city with whose unique look thousands and thousands of people all over the world dream to meet - this is Moscow.
Moscow city architecture
Moscow is the “center of the world”, attracting thousands of tourists annually. Moscow architecture can be called a kind of historical chronicle, which captures the victory and defeat, sorrow and joy of the long life of the capital.
The architecture of the capital is characterized by a mixture of styles, trends and images that has been going on for centuries. All the events taking place on the historical stage of the country, one way or another reflected in the appearance of our city. The 15th century captured for a long time the stone architecture of the Assumption Cathedral and the Kremlin. The reign of Catherine the Great was remembered for the birth of classicism - the Senate, the Bolshoi Theater, the Pashkov House and the Tsaritsyno Palace.
After the Patriotic War of 1812, the capital was rebuilt. The historical museum, Igumnov’s house became a monument of those times. In the 20th century, Art Nouveau appeared, hotels “National”, “Metropol”, and Yaroslavsky Station are considered its models. The 21st century gave rise to ultra-modern architecture with its skyscrapers, glass facades, shopping centers and multi-storey offices, which in their own way adorn and complement the multifaceted architectural ensemble of Moscow.
Contemporary architecture as art
The formation of the outer living space of people through the construction of new and the maintenance of old buildings is the architecture of the modern city. Art This includes three main aspects:
- Urban planning - the creation and reconstruction of buildings.
- Volumetric architecture - design of residential and public buildings, industrial enterprises.
- Landscape architecture - arrangement of squares, park areas, public gardens.
In addition, the architectural environment has a strong emotional impact on residents. Along with other factors, it contributes to the development of patriotic feelings.
Directions of modern architecture
In different countries, the architecture of the modern city is called differently. We call it Art Nouveau, in Germany Art Nouveau, in France Art Nouveau. Art Nouveau, as an architectural trend, was formed at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century. It is characterized by a protest against the settled, archaic appearance of buildings. During the construction in this style steel, concrete, glass, subsequently plastic and other technological materials were first used. This style is distinguished not only by external aesthetics and thoughtful functionality. The next after Art Nouveau, in the 20s of the 20th century, constructivism was formed, which absorbed the "soul" of the victorious proletariat. Its main task is to serve the new production. During construction, reinforced concrete was mainly used. According to the constructivist projects, not only factories and factories were created, but also residential buildings, schools, hospitals, and clubs.
The end of the 40s was marked by the appearance of a minimalist trend in architecture; it reached its peak by the 1960s. The credo of the minimalists - "Nothing more!". The buildings of this time are concise, they have no decor and other excesses. The main idea of minimalist designers is to find the ideal proportion, a combination of comfort and functionality, in the understanding of that time. The development of modern architecture did not stop there. Soon, minimalism became obsolete, and it was replaced by the modern high-tech style, which for many years was strengthened in urban architecture.
