Abakan is the capital of the Republic of Khakassia, which is a subject of the Russian Federation. Within the city are the main industrial, financial, political, cultural and scientific centers of the whole republic. The population of Abakan is 35% of the total population of Khakassia. It is diverse and unique in its ethnic composition. This city is one of the examples of international cohesion and friendship, which unites more than 100 nationalities.
History reference
According to scientists, the first settlements on the territory of the republic arose more than 300 thousand years ago. Khakassia is known throughout the world as the site of many ancient finds and archaeological sites. Not one ethnic culture developed here. Bloody wars were fought on the territory, including the Mongol invasion.
At the end of the 17th century, the fate of Khakassia was more or less determined. Russian pioneers built the fortress Abakansky, which dates from 1675. From this moment begins the history of the city. The population of Abakan at that time consisted of those who participated in the construction of the prison. Under Peter I, Khakassia finally became part of Russia. Its lands gradually began to be developed and settled. The main occupations of the peasants in this period were agriculture.
Abakan in the 19th – 20th centuries
In the territory of Khakassia, mineral deposits were found, which leads to the development of industry in this region. However, production in the current capital of the republic began a century later. In the early 1800s, the population of Abakan increased to 90 settlements. Despite the nascent development, the level of medicine and education left much to be desired, which directly influenced the demographic situation.
At the beginning of the 20th century, before the October Revolution, Khakassia had a unique economy, which included several political systems mixed together. The advent of Soviet power played a major role in the development of this city: a decision was made on the strategic and economic transformation of the village of Ust-Abakanskoye into the center of Khakassia. The path from the settlement to the administrative center of the second level was covered. The historical name of the village was preserved, renaming the city in Abakan. New educational institutions and cultural centers began to open here. Actively developed industry and the agricultural sector.
Geographical location and climate
Abakan is the center of mainland Asia, located in southern Siberia. The city is located between the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan rivers. The area above sea level is 250 meters. Time zone +8 UTC, the difference with Moscow is +4 hours. The climate is continental, but under the influence of hydropower plants and manufacturing enterprises, it is more mildly manifested in the city. The temperature in winter can drop to 30 degrees below zero, but basically it does not exceed –20. In summer, the thermometer reaches +30.
The city is interesting for its unique nature. Tourists come to admire the highlands. Nonresident residents are happy to explore the caves, conquer the peaks of the ranges and explore the plains.
Abakan population: national composition
During the inception of the capital of the territory, Russian pioneer workers mastered it. Their number reached more than 50% in relation to the total ethnic composition. The population of the city of Abakan, in addition, consisted of indigenous people - Khakasses. This is a people with deep Turkic roots. Historians call them "Yenisei Tatars." The population of the city of Abakan, accounted for by the Khakasses during its formation, was about 40%. The rest of 1-2% accounted for other nationalities. These included:
- Ukrainians;
- Belarusians
- Poles;
- Germans;
- Chuvash and others.
Over the years, the composition of the population has undergone changes. Currently, more than 80% of the total population of the republic is accounted for by the Slavs. The indigenous population has decreased significantly: their share does not exceed 20%.
The demographic situation in 2000
From the end of 1900 to 2006, the population of Abakan practically did not change and amounted to 166.2 thousand people. Compared to 1993, the number of residents increased. Although at the beginning of the second millennium the demographic situation in the republic worsened: fertility indicators fell, the number of pensioners increased, the total number decreased by several hundred people.
If we estimate the census indicators for 2000 and 2010, the population of Abakan gradually decreased, having lost about 3 thousand people over a decade. The main reasons for this situation are called a decrease in life expectancy and low fertility.
Population decline factors
The decrease in the number of citizens at the beginning of 2000 is associated with an increase in mortality due to diseases and causes of a violent nature. A reduction in life expectancy of up to 60 years was observed. Diseases that annually take a large number of lives include pathologies:
- of cardio-vascular system;
- injuries incompatible with life;
- malignant neoplasms.
About 20% of the total population decline is attributable to violent death. Of these, about half are related to traffic accidents, and the rest are crimes: murders and serious injuries. In addition, the composition of the population was not updated sufficiently: fertility declined. With the development of medical technology and the improvement of the quality of life in the city, indicators began to grow.
The population of the city in 2010-2015
Statistics of the second decade of 2000 indicate changes in the demographic situation in the country. Mr. Abakan also entered these statistics. The population in 2010 was 165.2 thousand people, and after five years, the indicators increased by 11 thousand.
The changes are caused not only by improved fertility and the quality of medical care, but also by the development of the capital. More and more people are buying real estate here and getting a job. The city is becoming one of the main cultural, political and economic centers of the Republic of Khakassia, which, of course, attracts residents.
2016 population
The demographic situation continues to grow: in January of this year, census data indicate an increase in citizens. Abakan significantly improves its indicator. The population is approaching 180 thousand. The average growth for one year amounted to 2950 people. The population density per square meter is 1, 562 inhabitants. At the moment, we can talk about a positive demographic situation.
In general, this is very good data for the administrative unit of the second level. Every year the capital is developing more and more, which contributes to the influx of population from other regions of the Russian Federation. At the moment, it is known that Abakan inhabits many nationalities, among which the bulk are Russians and Khakasses.
