The question is whether there are purebred Russians, many are asked. Moreover, there has been a lot of debate on this topic lately. The media regularly broadcast that "scratch the Russian - you will find a Tatar." But what will scientists say about this?
Research results
When asked what a purebred Russian looks like, scientists have studied thousands of people. People of this nationality have no epicanthus (a special fold at the inner corner of the eye, characteristic of the representatives of the Mongoloid race), this is an anthropological feature. And of the 8500 people who took part in the study, only 12. found an epicanthus. And it was in its infancy. A large-scale study of geneticists has demonstrated that it is one of the most purebred Russian people. Among European peoples, this is the most thoroughbred.
The findings of American scientists have confirmed this point. Publishing the results of the studies, they noted that the Tatar admixture in the blood of Russians was found to a minimum: the Tatar-Mongols actually left no traces of their yoke in the genotype of modern residents of the northwestern, central, southern regions of the Russian Federation.
Origin
Scientists who studied purebred Russians explained the mechanism of the appearance of the people in this way. About 4, 500 years ago, a man with a new haplogroup, R1a1, appeared on the Central Russian Plain. And it began to spread rapidly thanks to its vitality. As a result, people with her filled large eastern European territories. When answering the question, how many purebred Russians are there today, it should be taken into account that carriers of the haplogroup R1a1 live in the European part of the Russian Federation, in Ukraine and Belarus. Here their number reaches 70%, in Poland this figure is 57%. In the Baltic states it amounted to 40%, in Norway, Germany and Sweden - 18%. It is noteworthy that the carriers of the group are in India at a concentration of 16%, while they represent 47% of all the higher castes.
Myth destruction
So the widespread myth that purebred Russians were left was destroyed. It turned out that this ethnic group is “monolithic”. He was always quite resistant to assimilation. The thing is that he did not participate in the Great Migration of Nations - then purebred Russians did not begin to dissolve among other nations.
At the same moment of assimilation, more happened here than the Germans. But less than the Italians. Very seriously, scholars of recent years have studied how purebred Russians mixed up with Finno-Ugric tribes.
It turned out that a nation was formed from a mixture of southern and northern components. But when this happened, from the mixture of which peoples - it remains a vague mystery. It is only known that these ancestral peoples lived thousands of years ago. Two Russian populations were identified. In appearance, purebred Russians in the north gravitate toward the Balts and less toward Finno-Ugric tribes. There are differences in the female and male lines. The DNA line of purebred Russian girls is similar to the West European gene pool.
But the gene pool of Finnish nationalities is very far removed from the Russians. So it became known that the Russians are much more closely connected with Europeans than with Finns. Most of the populations of Russians share the same genetics with Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Poles.
And even in the photo, purebred Russians are significantly different from the Turks, from the Caucasian nationalities. At the same time, Russian genes prevail in the territories in which Russia existed during the time of Ivan the Terrible.
Statistics data
The latest census of the Russian Federation showed that 80% of all respondents consider themselves Russian, and this is more than 110 million people. Most of them are in Moscow and the Moscow region, and then in the Krasnodar Territory and St. Petersburg, Rostov.
At the same time, scientists note that large megacities absorb the Russian gene pool, where it is being destroyed very actively. And purebred Russians live in Central Russia and the Russian North. And regarding the Russian North, most researchers are convinced that this is a Russian reserve. Here remained the purest gene pool, which has not been touched for many centuries. In the Russian North, this culture was literally mothballed.
How many them
In addition, an ethnographic study was conducted not so long ago. The concentration of primordial Russians was established in the historical territories in which this nation resided. The population in these territories is 30 million people. The Nizhny Novgorod region was the leader in concentration.
Who is related
Only 2% of Mongolian characters in modern Russians are noted. Moreover, the Poles and Czechs found 1.5%. Male inheritance showed 0.5% of the Mongoloid genomes. That is, the Tatar-Mongol yoke really did not leave any special traces in purebred Russians.
Moreover, more often these signs are not found from west to east, but from south to north. And this is not associated at all with the invasion of the 13th century, but with a mixture of Russians with Finno-Ugric peoples, in which Tatar-Mongolian features are noted.
In the medieval war
This discovery led to the spread of the view that the yoke never existed. But this is not so. In fact, Russia has long been dependent on the Golden Horde. Stirring refers to the massive rape of women during the capture of cities, as well as the presence of marriages between invaders and the conquered. But this is what war looks like from the point of view of modern man. But in the Middle Ages, the realities were completely different. And they are clearly visible when studying the graves of that time. So, in 2005, burials in Yaroslavl from the time of the Tatar-Mongol invasion were analyzed.
It was found that Russian men were killed near defensive ramparts, on the outskirts of the settlements. And women and children were killed in the center of the settlements. For the most part, men died from chopping wounds, and women from arrows. Many women died from wounds in the back. This suggests that they were killed while trying to escape. Some of them were raised by spears - characteristic injuries remained on the spines.
In the center of Vladimir, human bones were discovered, which were dumped into wells and pits. The skeletons of men had traces of several serious injuries, which suggests that these people died in battle. Female and child skeletons were with broken skulls. At the same time, there were remnants of winter clothing next to them, as well as a lot of jewelry, which indicates that the conquerors were not interested in either enrichment or sexual joy. Warriors of Batu sought to exterminate the inhabitants of the rebellious cities.
Muscovy
The alien genome did not spread among purebred Russians as a result of mixed marriages. For decades, the Mongols sought to directly control Russian cities, sending the Basques here. They collected tribute and came with small troops. But this practice was not successful, since the princes simply slaughtered the occupying forces. The Horde responded to this with punitive attacks, during which Russian settlements were destroyed again. Assimilation did not work out.
And when history turned upside down and Muscovy already began to absorb the remnants of the Golden Horde, in it the Tatars were treated very badly. Although the Commonwealth had a similar practice, the princes of Moscow did not allow their former enemies to remain in their territories and settle in ethnic groups. And if the Mongol-Tatars wanted to remain in the Russian territories, they were required to be baptized, language assimilation. The first mosque in the country appeared only in 1744.
And the entire subsequent policy of the Russian rulers in the 15-16 centuries was built in such a way that Muscovy was an extremely inconvenient place for the Horde immigrants. Tatars sought to resettle in the Polish-Lithuanian kingdom. And there went about 200, 000 former Horde.
In Moscow, an extremely small number of Tatars began to serve. These were representatives of the nobility, and they did not have a significant impact on the gene pool.
Since the 16th century, large-scale migrations in Russia have not occurred. The Mongol-Tatars remained neighbors with whom the Russians did not fight and did not seek to exterminate each other. Cross marriages occurred, but these were isolated cases, and this did not apply to the yoke. This also did not have a special effect on the gene pool of purebred Russians.
External signs
Summarizing all the external signs of the Russian people, it is worth saying that they have a European appearance. Growth is above average, and his eyes are light - green, gray, blue. Representatives of the nation with brown eyes are much less common. Hair comes in any shades, ranging from ash blond and ending with light brown.
The Slavic appearance was always glorified by the creators as a standard of beauty and purity. Russian stately women with a light brown braid often appeared on the canvases of artists. The type was popular in the First World War, when the nobles left Russian territory. It was not difficult for Russian noblewomen to be “mannequins” in Paris fashion houses. It is known that Coco Chanel worked only with Russian fashion models.
