Discrimination is a term derived from Latin discriminatio, which translates as "infringement." It is defined as a negative attitude, infringement and restriction of rights, as well as violence and any manifestation of hostility to the subject because of his belonging to a particular social group. Individual species are widely known and have their own terminology. For example, racism is racial discrimination, sexism is gender discrimination. Examples of these and other manifestations of the violation of human rights by belonging to a social group will be considered in the article below.
Gender discrimination
Gender discrimination is a restriction of rights and freedoms by gender. As already noted earlier, this species has its own name. His name is sexism.
There is a reason why gender discrimination, the examples of which are innumerable, comes first - its prevalence.
The manifestation of sexism is found in the most diverse spheres of human life and takes a variety of forms and degrees: from petty bias to active hatred.
Forms of discrimination
The following types are available:
- direct discrimination;
- indirect discrimination.
Examples for the first case are a clear violation of rights. This may be a refusal to hire, to obtain education, humiliation and insult.
The second case shows hidden sexism. Examples include gender segregation (unequal distribution of the number of men and women in the professional sphere, retardation of career growth), and silence about gender issues in society.
It should be noted that all the above examples of discrimination against women, not men, as a much more common practice, although gender discrimination does not put such a framework in its definition. The movement against sexism is feminism advocating for gender equality.
Racial discrimination
Racism, unfortunately, is also a very famous phenomenon. It is defined as racial discrimination. This type has deep roots: citing examples of racial discrimination, the enumeration can begin not with modern hostility, but with legal segregation in South America of the 50s, when there was a clear separation of public places for white and black people, a false compromise of the latter, etc. Thus, African Americans were often accused of crimes they did not commit.
Needless to say, with such an official state of affairs, the public attitude of the European race towards the Negroid was no better. But in the United States, discrimination has not only fallen on this race. Examples again from history: racism in relation to the indigenous population of America, the Indians.
Nazi Germany
The clearest example of racial discrimination is the policy of the Third Reich, for which it has become not just a part, but a whole ideology. The superiority of one (in this case, the Aryan) race over others, and in particular the oppression of the rest - this was the usual practice in Nazi Germany. And it was a dark time in the history of mankind.
Modern time
But, unfortunately, racism is not just an example of discrimination against a person from the distant past, it is something that exists in the modern world. Despite the fact that they are struggling with this phenomenon (racial segregation in South Africa, which existed until recently, has finally stopped), none of the civilized countries can boast of its complete absence.
Skinheads
The skinhead movement is one of the manifestations of modern racism. Despite the fact that initially this culture did not have national prejudices, but was based on the usual groups of British laborers, now it has acquired characteristic features. Among them are extreme nationalism, male chauvinism, and a penchant for violence as a solution to problems.
Many skinheads dislike foreigners. This is especially true of those who have been persecuted in one way or another at all times: the Negroid race, the Jews.
But the global problem of racism lies not only in skinheads, but in the fact that most of the population silently supports them. Racist jokes remain jokes, but as you know, every joke has some truth.
Religious discrimination
Religious discrimination is more often called intolerance of other beliefs. This definition stems from the fact that it is precisely the refusal to tolerate religious beliefs of others that is called this term. If representatives of any faith claim that their system is correct, this is not considered religious discrimination.
Features
The main feature of religious discrimination is that sometimes it does not have a purely religious background, but hidden social and political motives.
Current legislative provisions
Under the laws of many countries, there is an official ban on participating in acts of religious intolerance.
The constitutions of other countries that do not explicitly indicate religion have provisions prohibiting discrimination on religious grounds. However, the laws of some states also imply the preference of one belief to another.
Religious tolerance
There are countries that clearly support religious tolerance. They include debate on the boundaries of tolerance.
The problem with setting these boundaries is that some laws prohibiting religious discrimination are contrary to freedom of speech. That is why the texts of these laws usually include not only punishable behavior, but also its consequences.
For example, in Australia, actions are prohibited that incite hostility, show disrespect, and are an instrument of ridiculing other people's religious beliefs.
School discrimination
Examples of school discrimination come down to particular cases of the manifestation of the above types.
Sexism here can also be direct or indirect: when the girls were left on duty, and the boys were allowed to go home, this is the first case. True, there is reverse sex discrimination. Examples are a restriction on the rights of boys and a preference for girls.
When a teacher underestimates grades of one or another part of the class (depending on gender), this is a case of indirect sexism. Dealing with such a problem is more difficult, because this type is closely related to the suppression of discrimination issues.
Clashes between a teacher and a child on the basis of religious beliefs may occur due to official beliefs in the state. Then school activities are likely to be designed for the religion of the majority of the population, and hence students.
