The small old town on the Kulikovo field during the entire period of development was and remains small. The population of Efremov lovingly calls the surprisingly beautiful surroundings "Tula Switzerland", which the large chemical enterprises located here could not poison.
general information
The city is located on the picturesque banks of the river Beautiful Sword, a tributary of the Don. Efremov - the administrative center of the municipality, has the status of an urban district. It is located at a distance of 149 km from the regional center of Tula and 310 km from Moscow. On the line "Moscow - Donbass" is the station of Efremov, Moscow railway. Nearby passes the federal highway M4 "Don", also adjacent to the branch from the highway M2 "Crimea".
In 2018, the city was given the status of a territory of priority development. Efremov is also a single-industry town, with city-forming enterprises of the chemical industry. The main products are synthetic rubber, feed additives and sulfuric acid. Since 2011, the Cargill American company has opened the largest production site in Europe, where food enterprises are located. The main products are vegetable oils, semi-finished poultry meat products, premixes and much more.
City Formation
With the advent of the settled population, some sections of the terrain or forest lands were given the nickname or personal name. So, a small part of the forest began to be called Ofremovsky (Efremovsky). During the development of the territory of the Black Earth region in the 17th century, the land becomes the estate of the nobleman Ivan Turgenev. In about 1630 he founded the village of Efremovskoye (according to another version - the village of Efremovskoye).
In 1637, by decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, an oak prison was built in Efremov, which stood until 1689, after which it was demolished. The fortress was inhabited by boyar children and city Cossacks. They carried out the service of guarding the borders of the country and received rewards for land in the vicinity. At first, the peasants moved to Efremov voluntarily. Under Peter, the lands gradually passed into landowner ownership, where serfs began to be imported. During the ongoing administrative reforms in 1719, Efremov became a county town.
The population in pre-revolutionary times
The first people settled on the territory of modern Efremov in the 16th century, the settlements were small. Almost the only business was flight-keeping. The first data on the population of Efremov belong to 1800. Then the population of 1800 people consisted of bourgeois who were mainly engaged in the production and trade of grain. The development of manufactories and small handicraft industries has led to an increase in the number of inhabitants to 3, 000 people. Further, the population continued to grow, in 1856 reaching 9, 800 people, and by 1861 it had grown to 10, 500 people.
After the abolition of serfdom, peasants began to leave the poor agrarian region to earn money in industrial centers - Tula and Moscow. In 1897, the population of Efremov fell to 9, 000 people. After the construction of the railway, grain trade revived again, and processing of agricultural products - flour and distillery - developed. In this regard, the number of residents increased to 12, 600 in 2013. The latest pre-revolutionary data of 1914 showed a population of 14, 500.
Population: between two wars
The post-revolutionary years had a severe impact on the city, the surplus-appropriation - the confiscation of food from the already poor population - caused hunger and a peasant uprising. As a result, by 1926, the population of Efremov in the Tula province decreased by one third, to 10, 000 people. Due to extreme poverty, the population lived on a semi-subsistence economy and by 1931 had already decreased to 9, 300 inhabitants. After the start of the industrialization policy, several industrial enterprises were built in the city, including plants for the production of ethyl alcohol and synthetic rubber. By 1939, the population of Efremov more than doubled, to 26, 708.
