As you know, in many ways it is the historical development of society that determines the picture of the world. Often this can explain the differences in the worldview of thinkers. In this article we will consider the basic historical types of philosophy.
Cosmocentrism began to form in the era of Antiquity. At the heart of the worldview of this teaching is cosmos, which means the natural order and harmony. In this type of philosophy, two main directions can be distinguished. Ancient thinkers saw the cause of harmony in nature, in its processes (water, atoms, earth, air, and so on). This direction is called materialistic. The reason for harmony was also seen in spiritual processes (rational beginning, eidos, idea). This direction is called idealistic.
Consider the historical types of philosophy formed in the Middle Ages. Theocentrism is a direction based on the idea of God. This philosophical trend was used to consecrate the existing order in feudal society, to pacify peasant uprisings. A distinctive feature of the doctrine is the veneration of holy texts, the priority of faith over knowledge, dogmas. It is worth noting that the historical types of philosophy were formed on the basis of the requirements of the time.
Anthropocentrism is a doctrine that has placed man at its center. This philosophical trend arose in the Renaissance in response to the formation of capitalism. It carries the goal of liberating man from centuries of suppression by church dogma. It glorifies the beauty and unity of the body and soul.
Consider the types of philosophy that originated in the initial period of the New Time. Knowledge centrism is a doctrine that sets as its basis knowledge and methods of obtaining it. The existing social system required new incentives for development. They became various sciences and technology. As a result, a teaching was born whose basic principle is that knowledge is power.
Ethatocentrism is a philosophical trend that puts the state at the center in the unity of law and politics. It was formed in order to finally consolidate the capitalist system. The main principle is that everything in the world is viewed through the prism of the state.
There are other types of philosophy born in the era of the New Age. Logicocentrism is the doctrine of reason and the ways of its development, in particular, of logic. A philosophical trend arose with the aim of forming a new picture of the world.
Sociocentrism is a doctrine based on society, understood as a product of human interaction. The basic principle is the fact that a person does not exist without society, which, in turn, is the result of the activities of individuals. The world, according to this direction, is viewed through the prism of social relations.
Cosmism is a doctrine that puts at the center of its picture of the world of man as a planetary being. The individual, according to this philosophical trend, is able to think globally, is aware of his high significance in community, and possesses divine-humanity.
Humanism is a doctrine that puts at its center a lonely person who is opposed to society. This philosophical trend offers deliverance from the isolation of individuals and their loneliness through compassion. This teaching was formed as a result of material and spiritual self-sufficiency, which gave rise to alienation between people.
So, we examined the basic historical types of philosophy. As you can see, they were formed under the direct influence of the requirements of the new time. The life of people changed and transformed, and, as a result, new teachings arose that were adequate to a particular historical moment.
