Ulyanovsk Region is one of the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District. Located in the Middle Volga. The center of this region is the city of Ulyanovsk. To the east of the Ulyanovsk region is the Samara region, to the west - the Penza region and Mordovia, to the south - the Saratov region, and to the north - the republics of Chuvashia and Tatarstan.
The region appeared on the map on January 19, 1943.
The climate of the Ulyanovsk region is moderate, with a slight lack of moisture and relatively cold winters.
History
The settlement of the Ulyanovsk region occurred over 100, 000 years ago. Here, parking lots, stone and bone tools were discovered. It was also revealed more than 600 ancient settlements ancient settlements that existed from the 3rd to the 7th century. n e. It is assumed that they were inhabited by the Slavs. From the second half of the 7th century, the Bulgars settled here.
At the turn of the 14-15th centuries, due to the massacre associated with the invasion of Tamerlane, the territory became desolate. Since 1438, the zone of the current Ulyanovsk region has become part of the Kazan Khanate. In 1552, the territory was liberated by the troops of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, after which the Volga Cossacks settled here.
Geography of the region
This administrative region is located in the eastern (southeastern) part of the European territory of Russia. The distance from west to east is 290 km, and from north to south - 250 km.
The area of the Ulyanovsk region is 37.2 thousand square meters. km This is the smallest region of the Volga region. The natural zone of the Ulyanovsk region is a forest-steppe, and in some places - a steppe.
The Volga River flows through the region. To her left lie lowlands, and to her right hills. The elevated part is formed by the Volga Upland. Here heights reach 363 meters. On the other (eastern) side of the Volga there is a plain of a rugged type.
Volga tributaries within the region are Bolshoi Cheremshan, Swing, and Sura.
Climate of the Ulyanovsk region
In the Ulyanovsk region, a temperate continental climate prevails, with frosty winters and rather hot summers. Spring is short, with little rainfall. Autumn is quite warm. Winter begins in the second half of November. January is the coldest month of the year. Its average temperature is -12 ° C. The absolute minimum is -40 ° C. Summer begins in mid-May. The average temperature in July is +20 degrees. The absolute maximum is +39 ° C.
Vast Asian anticyclones have a decisive influence on the state of summer weather. Therefore, a slight cloud cover, hot days and cool nights are characteristic. During 5 days a year, the average daily temperature is above +22 ° C.
Precipitation falls a little. They are especially few in the south and east of the Volga - from 350 mm per year. In the northwestern part of the region it is wetter - up to 50 mm per year. In winter, they mostly go in the form of snow, and in summer - in the form of short rains and showers. In the warm half of the year, most of the annual precipitation falls. The cold accounts for a little less. The last dry year was 2010, and the last wet year was 1976. Moisture deficiency often occurs in the spring and the first half of summer. Autumn is generally quite comfortable.
In the regions of the Ulyanovsk region, the climate is somewhat different. The wettest is the Sur district, and the driest is the Radishchevsky district. Typically, cyclones spread to the region from the west or from the north-west. In winter, they increase the temperature, and in summer, on the contrary, lower. Anticyclones, on the other hand, bring frosty weather in winter, and relatively hot in summer. In the cold season, there are often snowstorms.
Thus, the weather in the Ulyanovsk region is quite predictable.
Features of the microclimate
Insufficient precipitation affects the differences in microclimate of different slopes. In the south, where evaporation is higher, sparse xerophytic vegetation is present, and the soil layer is thinner. Because of this, such slopes are steeper. On the slopes of northern expositions, the vegetation cover is more dense. Here, in addition to grass, shrubs and trees also grow.
The amount of precipitation increases in elevated areas, where they fall more by 10-15 percent. Due to this, vegetation is better developed here. In the lowered areas, air cooling in the cold season is more pronounced.
Vegetation
The soil structure is dominated by chernozems and gray forest soils. The vegetation is represented by forests (from oak mixed with linden and maple), meadow steppes, pine forests.
The animal world is quite diverse: here you can find squirrels, foxes, wild boars, wolves, moose, martens, hares. There are also lizards, vipers, snakes. There are protected natural areas: reserve, national park, natural monuments.
