Monarchy is the most popular form of government in the Middle Ages. In those troubled times, a firm hand and quick decision-making were required. However, as labor relations developed, autocracy became a drag on the economy. The bourgeois societies of the advanced countries sought to abolish the power of kings and developed more effective methods of governance.
Greece
The Greek monarchy was formed after the liberation of part of the country from Ottoman oppression in 1832 and lasted until 1924. Greece was first declared a republic in 1924 by the Greek National Assembly. King George II (in the title photo with his family) was in exile until 1935, when a popular party came to power in the Assembly and restored the monarchy. In 1974, after a military coup, the country finally became a republic after a long dictatorship of the "black colonels."
Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal ceased to exist in 1910 as a result of the revolution. It was especially annoying to the last king Manuel II, who ascended the throne in 1908 and ruled for only 2 years. He fled to London, but no longer claimed real power.
Italy
Italy became a republic following the Second World War in 1946, putting an end to the rule of the royal family. The last king, Victor Emmanuel III, tarnished his name with a connection with the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and legitimized the persecution of Jews.
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Russia
Russian Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in 1917. He ruled Russia since 1894, but was forced to give up power amid strikes and protests in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg). The movement, known as the February Revolution, put an end to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty.
Prussia, Germany
Kaiser William II, grandson of Queen Victoria, was the last German emperor and king of Prussia. He inherited power after the death of his father in 1888. He was the initiator of the outbreak of World War I, thinking that he could quickly win it. However, the protracted military campaign led to the ruin of the country. After the defeat in 1918, abdicated and lived the rest of his life in exile in the Netherlands.
France
The king of France, Louis XVI, ascended the throne in 1774, but food shortages and economic problems caused a mass uprising that spilled over into the French Revolution of 1789. The monarchy was officially abolished in 1792. King Louis and his wife Marie Antoinette were imprisoned and eventually executed on the guillotine.
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Nepal
The last king of Nepal, Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, ruled from 2001 to 2008 due to a tragic story. Gyanendra Shah took the throne in 2001 after Crown Prince Dipendra killed King Birendra and eight other members of the Nepalese royal family before committing suicide.
The king dissolved parliament in 2002, at a time of turbulence for the country, but was forced to resume his work in 2006 after several weeks of protests. Two years later, the Constituent Assembly of Nepal declared the country a democratic republic and abolished the monarchy. However, Gyanendra Shah remained a “gray cardinal, ” exerting a great influence on the country's foreign and domestic policy.
Romania
Romania became a constitutional monarchy in 1881, and a republic in 1947, when the communists came to power after the war. The last king of Romania, Michael I, is a distant relative of Queen Elizabeth. He lived the rest of his life in Geneva. It is curious that his grandchildren did not lose their right to the throne. Talk about the revival of the monarchy in Romania is periodically heard in the press.
Bulgaria
Simeon Borisov Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, or Simern II, was the last king of Bulgaria, having ascended the throne in 1943, at the height of the war. The communists abolished the monarchy in 1946. After living in exile in Madrid, he returned to Bulgaria in 2001, created his own political party, the National Movement, and was elected prime minister. In 2017, he celebrated his 80th birthday.
