Mutual responsibility is the legal responsibility of all members of a collective (partnership or community) for obligations undertaken by one. Most often, this term has a property value. An expression arose in antiquity, we know its Roman form. The first references to it are found in Russian Truth, and some scholars believe that this institution existed even under the agreement of Prince Oleg with the Greeks.
In addition to financial responsibility, mutual responsibility extended to responsibility for crimes when the offender was unknown, or for murder not with the purpose of robbery, but out of a sense of revenge or because of a quarrel. That is, the punishment fell on the residents of the district where the crime was committed. This was done in order to eradicate crime or reduce material damage to the state treasury.
In Russia, mutual responsibility was in effect until 1903, it was applied mainly to peasants: taxes and arrears of each member of the community extended to the entire community as a whole.
In the literal sense, this expression can be explained as the motto "one for all and all for one." It is interpreted by the authors from the most positive side. Indeed, friends do not understand difficult situations, but at first act, for them friendship is above all.
But the same concept of “mutual responsibility” lies at the heart of the vendetta - a terrible relic of the past. Blood feud could destroy the entire clan for the misconduct of one member of the tribe.
The Nazi Nazis often used a similar method, entering the captured lands. As soon as they noticed any action by an unknown partisan or disobedience, the execution of every tenth or every third was announced. That is, the punishment was not distributed to the perpetrators, but to those belonging to this society on a territorial basis.
Members of communist families were also executed, whether it was a baby or a weak old man. Later, according to the same principle, children who had left the encirclement or fled from concentration camps of Soviet soldiers fell under the “distribution”.
On the one hand, bail is a strong instrument, implying friendship and loyalty. On the other hand, it is a strong psychological weapon for setting the wild rules “man to man is a wolf”.
Today, the expression “mutual responsibility” often has a negative connotation in our speech. They often use a way to hide behind “society” in order to justify their misconduct. For example, after a fight between young people, a corpse was discovered. During the trials, almost everyone explains their participation in the crime with the phrase: “Everyone went and I went. Everyone fought - and I fought! ”
For some reason, the near “warriors” think that if the murder was committed by a mob, then the responsibility will be shared by all. However, in reality it is not so: a crime committed by a group of persons is subject to more stringent sanctions.
Bailing had its heyday in Soviet times in the bureaucracy. True, this institute had one-sided coverage. Often it was explained not by the provision “one for all”, but only exclusively “all for one” or even “someone for one”.
The petitioner turned to a specific person for help, however, he did not refuse to the specific applicant, but did not give a final answer. Phrase: “I am incompetent in this matter, you need to turn to another person, ” was the crown. And where that competent person is located - no one knew.
The second option would be ideal when a single official would take responsibility for the imperfections of the entire company, would make every effort to resolve any urgent issue.
Today, many organizations also suffer from mutual responsibility. In particular, medical institutions are engaged in harboring the guilty party while providing unskilled care to the patient. It is difficult to find the violator of the law in the financial pyramids, during the bankruptcy of the bank where the funds of a huge mass of people were invested. The communist contributions safely went abroad, and the perpetrators were never found. Unfinished apartments, for which contributions have already been paid, are non-residential. People who already have a warrant for entry are still looking for those who were supposed to finish the construction.
