Meteorological phenomena are a natural phenomenon that is dangerous to human life and can cause significant damage to his economy. Today, such climatic anomalies occur every day in different parts of the Earth, so it will be useful to learn more about them and familiarize yourself with the basic rules of behavior during cataclysms.
Natural hazards of category A1, group 1
This group includes climatic anomalies that can threaten the safety of a person and his property in case of long duration or high intensity.
Examples of hazardous weather events of category A1:
A1.1 - Extremely strong wind. Its gusts can reach speeds above 25 m / s.
A1.2 - Hurricane. This is a separate type of wind anomaly. Gust speed can reach up to 50 m / s.
A1.3 - Flurry. Abrupt increase in wind (short-term). Gusts can reach up to 30 m / s.
A1.4 - Tornado. This is the most destructive and life-threatening natural phenomenon. A strong wind is localized in a funnel, which is directed from the clouds to the ground.
The following meteorological hazards in this category are associated with precipitation:
A1.5 - Heavy rain. Intense rain may not stop for a very long time. The amount of precipitation exceeds 30 mm in 1 hour.
A1.6 - Heavy mixed rain. Precipitation falls in the form of rain and wet snow. There is a decrease in air temperature. Rainfall can reach up to 70 mm in 12 hours.
A1.7 - Extremely heavy snow. These are solid precipitation, the amount of which in 12 hours can exceed the mark of 30 mm.
A separate line is the following meteorological phenomena:
A1.8 - Continuous downpour. Duration of heavy rain - at least 12 hours (with slight interruptions). Rainfall exceeds a threshold of 100 mm.
A1.9 - Big city. Its diameter should be from 20 mm or more.
The second group of hazardous natural phenomena of category A1
This section includes climatic anomalies such as a blizzard, fog, severe icing, abnormal heat, etc.
Meteorological natural hazards of the second group of category A1:
A1.10 - A strong snowstorm. Wind carries snow at a speed of 15 m / s and higher. At the same time, the visibility range is about 2 m.
A1.11 - Sandstorm. Wind carries dust and soil particles at a speed of 15 m / s and above. Range of visibility - no more than 3 m.
A1.12 - Fog. Severe air clouding is observed due to a large accumulation of water particles, combustion products or dust. Range of visibility - less than 1 m.
A1.13 - Heavy hoarfrost deposits. Its diameter (on wires) is at least 40 mm.
The following meteorological phenomena of category A1 are associated with temperature changes:
A1.14 - Extremely severe frost. Values vary by geographic location and time of year.
A1.15 - Abnormal cold. In the winter, for 1 week the air temperature is kept below the meteorological norm by 7 degrees or more.
A1.16 - Extremely hot weather. The maximum temperature indicators depend on the geographical location.
A1.17 - Abnormal heat. In the warm season, for 5 days or more, the temperature keeps at least 7 degrees above the norm.
A1.18 - Fire situation. Its indicator belongs to the fifth hazard class.
Hazards of nature category A2
This group includes agrometeorological anomalies. Any phenomenon in this category can cause enormous damage to agriculture.
Meteorological natural phenomena related to type A2:
A2.1 - Frost. The temperature of air and soil drops sharply during harvesting or active vegetation of crops.
A2.2 - Waterlogging of the soil. The soil at a depth of 100 mm is visually fluid or sticky (for 2 weeks).
A2.3 - Dry wind. It is characterized by air humidity of less than 30%, temperatures above 25 degrees and wind from 7 m / s.
A2.4 - Atmospheric drought. No precipitation at air temperature from 25 degrees for 1 month.
A2.5 - Soil drought. In the upper soil layer (20 cm), the moisture coefficient is less than 10 mm.
A2.6 - Abnormally early occurrence of snow cover.
A2.7 - Soil freezing (top layer up to 20 mm). Duration - from 3 days.
A2.8 - Severe frost in the absence of snow cover.
A2.9 - Light frost with high snow cover (more than 300 mm). The temperature is not lower than -2 degrees.
A2.10 - Ice cover. Frosty crust with a thickness of 20 mm. Duration of soil coating - at least 1 month.
Rules of conduct for hazardous weather events
During climatic phenomena it is important to maintain calm and prudence, not to succumb to panic.
Wind meteorological natural phenomena (examples: storm, hurricane, tornado) are dangerous for human life only in the immediate vicinity of the focus of the anomaly. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to hide in specially equipped shelters underground. You can not get close to the windows, as there is a high risk of injury from glass fragments. It is forbidden to be in the open air, on bridges, near power lines.
During abnormal snow drifts, traffic on the roadway and in the countryside should be limited. It is also recommended to stock up on food and water. It is forbidden to be near power lines and sheer roofs.
During flooding, it is necessary to take a safe place on a hill and mark it for later detection by rescuers. It is not recommended to be in one-story rooms, as the water level can rise sharply at any moment.
Record Weather Anomalies
Over the past 20 years, nature has presented mankind with many surprises. These are all kinds of dangerous meteorological phenomena (examples: huge hail, record strong wind, etc.), which claimed the lives of people and caused maximum damage to the economy.
In May 1999, Oklahoma recorded the strongest gust of wind on the Fedjit scale. Tornado belonged to the F6 category. Wind speed reached 512 km / h. A tornado demolished hundreds of apartment buildings and claimed the lives of dozens of people.
In the summer of 1998, in the state of Washington, on the famous Mount Baker Mountain, about 30 m of snow fell. Precipitation continued for several months.
The highest temperature indicators were recorded in Libya in September 1992 (58 degrees Celsius).
The largest city took place in the summer of 2003 in Nebraska. The diameter of the largest specimen was 178 mm, and its fall speed was about 160 km / h.
