A fairly small number of people can clearly say what national liberalism is. This movement throughout history has experienced two bursts of interest on the part of the population at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, as well as in the last decade. To fully understand what constitutes national liberalism, you must first understand the history of the movement, as well as identify the true concept.
The concept of liberalism
For the correct formulation of the concept of national liberalism, one must first give an interpretation of the very word "liberalism". At the moment, in various encyclopedias, you can find dozens of concepts of this word that explain liberalism with standardized words, which in practice are quite difficult for an ordinary person to understand.
However, by the beginning of the 20th century, the concept used earlier by scientists became just an anachronism that cannot be used objectively. In recent years, this trend has begun to manifest itself most vividly - now there is a period of neoliberalism, which is increasingly giving power to capital, which allows full regulation of society, and the state itself acts only as a caretaker.
Now the most popular concept of liberalism as a socio-political and philosophical movement, which is based on the proclamation of the main rights and individual freedoms of man and citizen. They are the true and highest value of society, therefore they can not be infringed by religion, the state or other traditional institutions. In a liberal society, all citizens are equal to each other, and the law dominates power.
The concept and history of national liberalism
This movement began in Germany in the 18th century, however, the basic postulates were formulated almost a century later. It had a significant role in the country's politics until the end of the First World War, since the main ideology of the party was the creation of a strong and independent democratic Germany.
However, after the war, national liberalism lost its position, and was subsequently absorbed in a completely different way. Subsequent development began only at the end of the 20th century amid Euroscepticism and the desire of the local population to limit migration.
Now, under national liberalism is understood one of the varieties of liberalism that adheres to nationalist ideas on migration, civil, commercial and international relations.
Definition inconsistency
The words liberalism and nationalism, which are part of the united concept, are distinguished by a rather strong inconsistency. Combining them at a practical level is almost impossible, only at a theoretical level. Nationalism, patriotism initially placed at the head of the nation, which prevails over the individual, and liberalism offers the exact opposite - individualism.
However, they were able to form into a political trend, which must first be very much penetrated. As a rule, various ideologies use it in various spheres of life - the economy remains dominated by liberal ideas, and politics by nationalist ones.
The main problems of ideology
Particularly successful ways to implement this policy of national liberalism have not yet been implemented. In particular, this is due to the reasons why it is criticized by numerous scientists.
First of all, it should be understood that many supporters of the movement look only at the bright side, indulging in naivety, since their nationalist ideas are quite softened and rational. They almost completely miss the darker sides of two such contradictory movements. However, because of such indiscretion, people forget that it was nationalism that led the citizens to go to war and shed blood for their country, regardless of the rightness of the party. The state was a priori considered right because it was their homeland.
It is also worth noting that the idea of a community of states representing the world order is practically impossible to recreate at a practical level. Maybe a hundred years ago it was theoretically possible, but with the current world politics and the isolation of nations, it is simply impossible to do.
National Liberalism vs Conservatism
At first glance, the ideologists of these two political movements must always be in the struggle, but at the same time they have a very characteristic and vivid tendency.
National conservatism pursues its entire policy based on past, very successful years. In their opinion, the entire 19th century and half of the 20th are considered the most successful for America and Europe. The values of this era, their ideas about ethics and morality are considered ideal, so they should be returned back. In fact, this is unlikely, since in modern times, many values and traditions are practically not needed by anyone.
National liberals, on the other hand, are looking for the ideal in the present tense, recognizing all the successful achievements of recent decades. Equality of women and various genders, the right to abortion and many other political innovations are considered a natural development of society, they are necessary in the modern world.
German movement
As previously mentioned, the movement began its solemn procession in Germany. However, German national liberalism is distinguished by its number of features that appeared primarily due to the very concept of liberalism in a given country. For too long, he was considered an exclusively theoretical, and not a practical movement, which influenced ideology.
During its appearance, the party of national liberals, after separation from the traditional liberal party, relied on 2 main tenets: to make the German Empire the strongest, and also to govern the state itself in the manner of an authoritarian regime. Throughout the 19th century, the party was considered successful, since its members were often elected to the parliament and government of the country. After its dissolution in 1918, the party split, and its remnants formed the German People's Party or joined other right-wing movements. In its various manifestations, the National Liberal Party of Germany exists to this day.
National Orangeism
In 2006, the Other Russia party expressed the possibility of uniting liberals and nationalists into one union, which would recreate an attractive orange-liberal nationalism for the electorate. Stanislav Belkovsky gave this movement a completely new name - National Orange. He believed that this particular strategy could be the only one possible for a change of power in the country and the subsequent transformation that it should undergo.
The origins of the ideology owed the Orange Revolution in Ukraine. When Yushchenko stood at the head of the country, and not Yanukovych, as the Kremlin authorities wished, it was normal to believe that the American revolution had organized the whole revolution, wishing in this way to take the gas pipes of Russia. Because of the many points of view, it is impossible to find out whether America really intervened, but one cannot but admit that the revolution was organized by left-wing and nationalist parties. Their basic requirements included justice, freedom, and national rebirth.
The policy of National Orangeism claims to change power without any revolution that will nip the existing heredity of the heads of state: Yeltsin, Putin, Medvedev.
It is believed that such an orange party already existed in 1996, when the Russian National Patriotic Union supported Gennady Zyuganov in the presidential election. However, they did not have enough power, so the attempt of the Orange Revolution in Russia failed.
